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{{title|History of C++}}
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==Early C++==
* 1979: C with Classes first implemented
# New features: {{rlp|classes}}, {{rlp|member functions}}, {{rlp|derived class}}es, separate compilation, {{rlp|access|public and private access control}}, {{rlp|friend}}s, type checking of function arguments, {{rlp|default arguments}}, {{rlp|inline|inline functions}}, {{rlp|copy assignment|overloaded assignment operator}}, {{rlp|constructor}}s, {{rlp|destructor}}s, {{c|f()}} same as {{c|f(void)}}, call-function and return-function (synchronization features, not in C++)
# Libraries: the concurrent task library (not in C++)
* 1982: C with Classes reference manual published
* 1984: C84 implemented, reference manual published
* 1985: Cfront 1.0
# New features: {{rlp|virtual|virtual functions}}, function and {{rlp|operators|operator overloading}}, {{rlp|reference|references}}, {{ltt|cpp/memory/new/operator_new|new}} and {{ltt|cpp/memory/new/operator_delete|delete}} operators, {{rlp|cv|the keyword {{tt|const}}}}, scope resolution operator
# Library additions: [[cpp/numeric/complex|complex number]], {{tt|string}} (AT&T version), [[cpp/header/iostream|I/O stream]]
* 1985: The C++ Programming Language, 1st edition
* 1986: The "whatis?" paper documenting the remaining design goals, including multiple inheritance, exception handling, and templates.
* 1987: C++ support in GCC 1.15.3
* 1989: Cfront 2.0
# New features: {{rlp|derived_class|multiple inheritance}}, {{rlp|pointer|pointers to members}}, {{rlp|access|protected access}}, type-safe linkage, {{rlp|abstract class}}es, {{rlp|static#Static_member_functions|static}} and {{rlp|member_functions#const-_and_volatile-qualified_member_functions|const-qualified}} member functions, class-specific {{ltt|cpp/memory/new/operator_new#Class-specific overloads|new}} and {{ltt|cpp/memory/new/operator_delete#Class-specific overloads|delete}}
# Library additions: [[cpp/io/manip|I/O manipulators]]
* 1990: The Annotated C++ Reference Manual
This book described the language as designed, including some features that were not yet implemented. It served as the de-facto standard until the ISO.
# New features: {{rlp|namespace}}s, {{rlp|exceptions|exception handling}}, {{rlp|nested types|nested classes}}, {{rlp|templates}}
* 1991: Cfront 3.0
* 1991: The C++ Programming Language, 2nd edition

==Standard C++==
* 1990: ANSI C++ Committee founded
* 1991: ISO C++ Committee founded
* 1992: [https://www.rrsd.com/software_development/stl/stl/ STL] implemented in C++

===C++98/03 period===
* 1998: '''C++98''' (ISO/IEC 14882:1998)
# New features: RTTI ({{rlpt|dynamic_cast}}, {{rlpt|typeid}}), {{rlp|virtual#Covariant_return_types|covariant return types}}, {{rlp|cast operator}}s, {{rlpt|cv|mutable}}, {{rlpt|types#Boolean_type|bool}}, declarations in conditions, {{rlp|templates|template instantiations}}, {{rlp|member template}}s, export
# Library additions: [[cpp/locale|locales]], {{ltt|cpp/utility/bitset}}, {{ltt|cpp/numeric/valarray}}, {{ltt|cpp/memory/auto_ptr}}, [[cpp/string/basic_string|templatized string]], [[cpp/io|I/O streams]], and [[cpp/numeric/complex|complex numbers]].
# Based on STL: [[cpp/container|containers]], [[cpp/algorithm|algorithms]], [[cpp/iterator|iterators]], [[cpp/utility/functional|function objects]]
* 1998: The C++ Programming Language, 3rd edition
* 1999: [https://www.boost.org Boost] founded by the committee members to produce new high-quality candidate libraries for the standard.
* 2003: '''C++03''' (ISO/IEC 14882:2003)
This was a minor revision, intended to be little more than a technical corrigendum. This revision introduces the definition of {{rlp|value initialization}}.
{{cpp/language/history/DR03}}
* 2006: Performance TR (ISO/IEC TR 18015:2006) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43351 ISO Store]) ([https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/docs/TR18015.pdf 2006 draft]) 
This TR discussed the costs of various C++ abstractions, provided implementation guidance, discussed use of C++ in embedded systems and introduced {{tt|<hardware>}} interface to C's ISO/IEC TR 18037:2008 {{tt|<iohw.h>}}.
* 2007: Library extension TR1 (ISO/IEC TR 19768:2007)  ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=43289 ISO store]) ({{stddoc|n1745|2005 draft}}).
This TR is a C++ library extension, which adds the following to the C++ standard library:
# From Boost: {{ltt|cpp/utility/functional/reference_wrapper}}, [[cpp/memory#Smart_pointers|Smart pointers]], [[cpp/utility/functional/mem_fn|Member function]], {{ltt|cpp/types/result_of}}, {{ltt|cpp/utility/functional/bind}}, {{ltt|cpp/utility/functional/function}}, [[cpp/types|Type Traits]], [[cpp/numeric/random|Random]], Mathematical Special Functions, {{ltt|cpp/utility/tuple}}, {{ltt|cpp/container/array}}, [[cpp/container#Unordered_associative_containers|Unordered Containers]] (including {{ltt|cpp/utility/hash}}), and [[cpp/regex|Regular Expressions]].
# From C99: mathematical functions from [[c/numeric/math|{{tt|<math.h>}}]] that were new in C99, [[cpp/string/byte/isblank|blank character class]], [[cpp/numeric/fenv|Floating-point environment]], {{ltt|cpp/io/manip/fixed|hexfloat}} I/O Manipulator, [[cpp/types/integer|fixed-size integral types]], the {{rlpt|types#Modifiers|long long}} type, {{lc|va_copy}}, the {{ltf|cpp/io/c/snprintf}} and {{ltf|cpp/io/c/vfscanf}} families of functions, and the C99 conversion specifies for {{ltf|cpp/io/c/printf}} and {{ltf|cpp/io/c/scanf}} families of functions. 
All of TR1 except for the special functions was included in C++11, with minor changes.
* 2010: Mathematical special functions (ISO/IEC 29124:2010) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=50511 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n3060|2010 draft}})
This international standard is a C++ standard library extension, which adds the special functions that were part of TR1, but were not included in C++11: elliptic integrals, exponential integral, Laguerre polynomials, Legendre polynomials, Hermite polynomials, Bessel functions, Neumann functions, beta function, and Riemann zeta function. This standard was [[cpp/numeric/special_functions|merged into C++17]].

===C++11 period===
* 2011: '''C++11''' (ISO/IEC 14882:2011) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=50372 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n3337|2012 post-publication draft}}).

[[cpp/11|Main Article: C++11]]

A large number of changes were introduced to both standardize existing practices and improve the abstractions available to the C++ programmers

* 2011: Decimal floating-point TR (ISO/IEC TR 24733:2011) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=38843 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n2849|2009 draft}})
This TR implements the decimal floating-point types from IEEE 754-2008 Standard for Floating-Point Arithmetic: {{tt|std::decimal::decimal32}}, {{tt|std::decimal::decimal64}}, and {{tt|std::decimal::decimal128}}.
* 2012: [https://isocpp.org The Standard C++ Foundation] founded
* 2013: The C++ Programming Language, 4th edition

===C++14 period===
* 2014: '''C++14''' ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=64029 ISO Store]) ([https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=INCITS%2fISO%2fIEC+14882%3a2014+(2016) ANSI Store]) ([https://github.com/cplusplus/draft/blob/master/papers/n4140.pdf?raw=true 2014 final draft])

[[cpp/14|Main Article: C++14]]

Minor revision of the C++ standard

* 2015: Filesystem library TS (ISO/IEC TS 18822:2015) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=63483 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4100|2014 draft}})
This TS is an experimental C++ library extension that specifies a filesystem library based on boost.filesystem V3 (with some modifications and extensions). This TS was merged into C++17.
* 2015: Extensions for Parallelism TS (ISO/IEC TS 19570:2015) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=65241 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4507|2015 draft}})
This TS standardizes parallel and vector-parallel API for all standard library algorithms, as well as adds new algorithms such as {{tt|reduce}}, {{tt|transform_reduce}}, or {{tt|exclusive_scan}}. This TS was merged into C++17.
* 2015: Extensions for Transactional Memory TS (ISO/IEC TS 19841:2015) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=66343 ISO Store]) ([{{stddoc|n4514|2015 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ core language with synchronized and atomic blocks, as well as transaction-safe functions, which implement transactional memory semantics.
* 2015: Extensions for Library Fundamentals TS (ISO/IEC TS 19568:2015) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=65238 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4480|2015 draft}})
This TS adds several new components to the C++ standard library: {{ltt|cpp/experimental/optional|optional}}, {{ltt|cpp/experimental/any|any}}, {{ltt|cpp/experimental/basic_string_view|string_view}}, {{ltt|cpp/experimental/sample|sample}}, {{ltt|cpp/experimental/search|search}}, {{ltt|cpp/experimental/apply|apply}}, [[cpp/experimental/lib_extensions#Type-erased_and_polymorphic_allocators|polymorphic allocators]], and [[cpp/experimental/lib_extensions|variable templates]] for type traits. This TS was merged into C++17.
* 2015: Extensions for Concepts TS (ISO/IEC TS 19217:2015) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=64031 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4553|2015 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ core language with concepts (named type requirements) and constraints (limits on the types allowed in template, function, and variable declarations), which aids metaprogramming and simplifies template instantiation diagnostics, see [[cpp/experimental/constraints|concepts]]. This TS was merged into C++20, with some omissions.
* 2016: Extensions for Concurrency TS (ISO/IEC TS 19571:2016) ([https://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=65242 ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|p0159r0|2015 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ library to include [[cpp/experimental/concurrency|several extensions]] to {{lc|std::future}}, {{lc|std::latch|latches}} and {{lc|std::barrier|barriers}}, and atomic smart pointers.

===C++17 period===
* 2017: '''C++17''' ([https://www.iso.org/standard/68564.html ISO Store]) ([https://webstore.ansi.org/RecordDetail.aspx?sku=INCITS%2fISO%2fIEC+14882%3a2017+(2018) ANSI Store]) ({{stddoc|n4659|n4659 2017-03-21 final draft}})

[[cpp/17|Main Article: C++17]]

The major revision of the C++ standard after C++11

* 2017: Extensions for Ranges TS (ISO/IEC TS 21425:2017) ([https://www.iso.org/standard/70910.html ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4685|2017 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ library to include [[cpp/experimental/ranges|ranges]], a new, more powerful, abstraction to replace iterator pairs, along with range views, sentinel ranges, projections for on-the-fly transformations, new iterator adaptors and algorithms. This extension finally makes it possible to sort a vector with {{c|sort(v);}}
* 2017: Extensions for Coroutines TS (ISO/IEC TS 22277:2017) ([https://www.iso.org/standard/73008.html ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4680|2017 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ core language and the standard library to include stackless coroutines (resumable functions). This adds the keywords {{ltt|cpp/keyword/co_await}}, {{ltt|cpp/keyword/co_yield}}, and {{ltt|cpp/keyword/co_return}}.
* 2018: Extensions for Networking TS (ISO/IEC TS 19216:2018) ([https://www.iso.org/standard/64030.html ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4734|2017 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ library to include TCP/IP networking based on [https://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_67_0/doc/html/boost_asio.html boost.asio].
* 2018: Extensions for modules TS (ISO/IEC TS 21544:2018) ([https://www.iso.org/standard/71051.html ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4720|2018 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ core language to include modules. This adds the special identifiers {{ltt|cpp/identifier_with_special_meaning/module}}, {{ltt|cpp/identifier_with_special_meaning/import}}, and reintroduces the keyword {{ltt|cpp/keyword/export|export}} with a new meaning.
* 2018: Extensions for Parallelism version 2 TS (ISO/IEC TS 19570:2018) ([https://www.iso.org/standard/70588.html ISO Store]) ({{stddoc|n4773|2018 draft}})
This TS extends the C++ library to include two new execution policies ({{c|unseq}} and {{c|vec}}), additional parallel algorithms such as {{c|reduction_plus}} or {{c|for_loop_strided}}, task blocks for forking and joining parallel tasks, SIMD types and operations on those types.

===C++20 period===
* 2020: '''C++20''' ([https://www.iso.org/standard/79358.html ISO Store]) (final draft {{stddoc|n4860|n4860 2020-03-31}})

[[cpp/20|Main Article: C++20]]

The major revision of the C++ standard after C++17

* 2021: Reflection TS (ISO/IEC TS 23619:2021) ([https://www.iso.org/standard/76425.html ISO store]) ({{stddoc|n4856|2020 draft}})
This TS extends C++ with the facilities to inspect program entities such as variables, enumerations, classes and their members, lambdas and their captures, etc.

===Future development===
* [[cpp/experimental|Experimental technical specifications]]
* 20{{stdinfo next version number}}: '''{{stdinfo next version}}''' latest draft {{stddoc latest draft|{{stdinfo latest draft docnum}} ({{stdinfo latest draft docdate}})}}

[[cpp/23|Main Article: C++23]]

The next major revision of the C++ standard

===See also===
{{dsc begin}}
{{dsc see c|c/language/history|History of C|nomono=true}}
{{dsc end}}

===External links===
{{elink begin}}
{{elink|[https://www.stroustrup.com/hopl2.pdf A History of C++: 1979-1991]}}
{{elink|[https://www.stroustrup.com/hopl-almost-final.pdf Evolving a language in and for the real world: C++ 1991-2006]}}
{{elink|[https://www.stroustrup.com/hopl20main-p5-p-bfc9cd4--final.pdf Thriving in a crowded and changing world: C++ 2006-2020]}}
{{elink|[https://isocpp.org Standard C++ foundation]}}
{{elink|{{enwiki|C++#History|C++ on Wikipedia}}}}
{{elink|[https://www.open-std.org/jtc1/sc22/wg21/ C++ Standards Committee]}}
{{elink end}}

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