Difference between revisions of "cpp/numeric/constants"
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Revision as of 10:43, 11 April 2021
Contents |
Constants (since C++20)
Defined in header
<numbers> | |||
Defined in namespace
std::numbers | |||
e_v |
the mathematical constant e (variable template) | ||
log2e_v |
log2e (variable template) | ||
log10e_v |
log10e (variable template) | ||
pi_v |
π (variable template) | ||
inv_pi_v |
(variable template) | ||
inv_sqrtpi_v |
(variable template) | ||
ln2_v |
ln 2 (variable template) | ||
ln10_v |
ln 10 (variable template) | ||
sqrt2_v |
√2 (variable template) | ||
sqrt3_v |
√3 (variable template) | ||
inv_sqrt3_v |
(variable template) | ||
egamma_v |
the Euler–Mascheroni constant (variable template) | ||
phi_v |
the golden ratio Φ constant (
(variable template) | ||
inline constexpr double e |
e_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double log2e |
log2e_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double log10e |
log10e_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double pi |
pi_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double inv_pi |
inv_pi_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double inv_sqrtpi |
inv_sqrtpi_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double ln2 |
ln2_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double ln10 |
ln10_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double sqrt2 |
sqrt2_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double sqrt3 |
sqrt3_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double inv_sqrt3 |
inv_sqrt3_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double egamma |
egamma_v<double> (constant) | ||
inline constexpr double phi |
phi_v<double> (constant) |
Notes
A program that instantiates a primary template of a mathematical constant variable template is ill-formed.
The standard library specializes mathematical constant variable templates for all floating-point types (i.e. float, double and long double).
A program may partially or explicitly specialize a mathematical constant variable template provided that the specialization depends on a program-defined type.
Example
Run this code
#include <cmath> #include <iomanip> #include <iostream> #include <limits> #include <numbers> #include <string_view> struct two_t {}; template <class T> constexpr auto operator^(T base, two_t) { return base * base; } int main() { using namespace std::numbers; constexpr two_t ²; std::cout << "The answer is " << (((std::sin(e)^²) + (std::cos(e)^²)) + std::pow(e, ln2) + std::sqrt(pi) * inv_sqrtpi + ((std::cosh(pi)^²) - (std::sinh(pi)^²)) + sqrt3 * inv_sqrt3 * log2e * ln2 * log10e * ln10 * pi * inv_pi + (phi * phi - phi)) * ((sqrt2 * sqrt3)^²) << '\n'; auto egamma_aprox = [] (unsigned const iterations) { long double s = 0, m = 2.0; for (unsigned c = 2; c != iterations; ++c, ++m) { const long double t = std::riemann_zeta(m) / m; (c & 1) == 0 ? s += t : s -= t; } return s; }; constexpr std::string_view γ {"0.577215664901532860606512090082402"}; std::cout << "γ as 10⁶ sums of ±ζ(m)/m = " << egamma_aprox(1'000'000) << '\n' << "γ as egamma_v<float> = " << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<float>::digits10 + 1) << egamma_v<float> << '\n' << "γ as egamma_v<double> = " << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<double>::digits10 + 1) << egamma_v<double> << '\n' << "γ as egamma_v<long double> = " << std::setprecision(std::numeric_limits<long double>::digits10 + 1) << egamma_v<long double> << '\n' << "γ with " << γ.length() - 1 << " digits precision = " << γ << '\n'; }
Possible output:
The answer is 42 γ as 10⁶ sums of ±ζ(m)/m = 0.577215 γ as egamma_v<float> = 0.5772157 γ as egamma_v<double> = 0.5772156649015329 γ as egamma_v<long double> = 0.5772156649015328606 γ with 34 digits precision = 0.577215664901532860606512090082402
See also
(C++11) |
represents exact rational fraction (class template) |