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Difference between revisions of "cpp/utility/functional/mem fn"

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< cpp‎ | utility‎ | functional
m (→‎Example: add a few more cases: work with smart pointer, tmpl.mem.fun. and param.pack.)
m (→‎See also: +move_only_function)
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Revision as of 17:33, 8 October 2021

 
C++
 
Utilities library
General utilities
Relational operators (deprecated in C++20)
 
Function objects
Function invocation
(C++17)(C++23)
Identity function object
(C++20)
Transparent operator wrappers
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)  
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)
(C++14)

Old binders and adaptors
(until C++17*)
(until C++17*)
(until C++17*)
(until C++17*)
(until C++17*)  
(until C++17*)
(until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)
(until C++20*)
(until C++20*)
(until C++17*)(until C++17*)
(until C++17*)(until C++17*)

(until C++17*)
(until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)(until C++17*)
(until C++20*)
(until C++20*)
 
Defined in header <functional>
template< class M, class T >
/*unspecified*/ mem_fn(M T::* pm) noexcept;
 (since C++11)
(until C++20)
template< class M, class T >
constexpr /*unspecified*/ mem_fn(M T::* pm) noexcept;
 (since C++20)

Function template std::mem_fn generates wrapper objects for pointers to members, which can store, copy, and invoke a pointer to member. Both references and pointers (including smart pointers) to an object can be used when invoking a std::mem_fn.

Contents

Parameters

pm - pointer to member that will be wrapped

Return value

std::mem_fn returns a call wrapper of unspecified type that has the following members:

std::mem_fn return type

Member types

type definition
result_type(deprecated in C++17) the return type of pm if pm is a pointer to member function, not defined for pointer to member object
argument_type(deprecated in C++17) T*, possibly cv-qualified, if pm is a pointer to member function taking no arguments
first_argument_type(deprecated in C++17) T* if pm is a pointer to member function taking one argument
second_argument_type(deprecated in C++17) T1 if pm is a pointer to member function taking one argument of type T1
(until C++20)

Member function

template<class... Args>

/* see below */ operator()(Args&&... args) /* cvref-qualifiers */

    noexcept(/* see below */);
 (until C++20)
template<class... Args>

constexpr /* see below */ operator()(Args&&... args) /* cvref-qualifiers */

    noexcept(/* see below */);
 (since C++20)

Let fn be the call wrapper returned by a call to std::mem_fn with a pointer to member pm. Then the expression fn(t, a2, ..., aN) is equivalent to INVOKE(pm, t, a2, ..., aN), where INVOKE is the operation defined in Callable.

Thus, the return type of operator() is std::result_of<decltype(pm)(Args&&...)>::typeor equivalently std::invoke_result_t<decltype(pm), Args&&...>, and the value in noexcept specifier is equal to std::is_nothrow_invocable_v<decltype(pm), Args&&...>)(since C++17).

Each argument in args is perfectly forwarded, as if by std::forward<Args>(args)....

Example

Use mem_fn to store and execute a member function and a member object:

Run this code
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
 
struct Foo {
    void display_greeting() {
        std::cout << "Hello, world.\n";
    }
    void display_number(int i) {
        std::cout << "number: " << i << '\n';
    }
    int add_xy(int x, int y) {
        return data + x + y;
    }
    template <typename... Args> int add_many(Args... args) {
        return data + (args + ...);
    }
    auto add_them(auto... args) {
        return data + (args + ...);
    }
 
    int data = 7;
};
 
int main() {
    Foo f;
 
    auto greet = std::mem_fn(&Foo::display_greeting);
    greet(f);
 
    auto print_num = std::mem_fn(&Foo::display_number);
    print_num(f, 42);
 
    auto access_data = std::mem_fn(&Foo::data);
    std::cout << "data: " << access_data(f) << '\n';
 
    auto add_xy = std::mem_fn(&Foo::add_xy);
    std::cout << "add_xy: " << add_xy(f, 1, 2) << '\n';
 
    // Working with smart pointer
    std::unique_ptr<Foo> u{new Foo};
    std::cout << "access_data(u): " << access_data(u) << '\n';
    std::cout << "add_xy(u, 1, 2): " << add_xy(u, 1, 2) << '\n';
 
    // Working with member function template with parameter pack
    auto add_many = std::mem_fn(&Foo::add_many<short, int, long>);
    std::cout << "add_many(u, ...): " << add_many(u, 1, 2, 3) << '\n';
    auto add_them = std::mem_fn(&Foo::add_them<short, int, float, double>);
    std::cout << "add_them(u, ...): " << add_them(u, 5, 7, 10.0f, 13.0) << '\n';
}

Output: 

Hello, world.
number: 42
data: 7
add_xy: 10
access_data(u): 7
add_xy(u, 1, 2): 10
add_many(u, ...): 13
add_them(u, ...): 42

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 2048 C++11 unnecessary overloads provided removed
LWG 2489 C++11 noexcept not required required

See also

(C++11)
 copyable wrapper of any copy constructible callable object
(class template) [edit]
(C++23)
 move-only wrapper of any callable object that supports qualifiers in a given call signature
(class template) [edit]
(C++11)
 binds one or more arguments to a function object
(function template) [edit]
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