Difference between revisions of "cpp/language"

Comments
ASCII chart
Punctuation
Names and identifiers
Types – Fundamental types
Object – Scope – Lifetime
Definitions and ODR
Name lookup
  qualified – unqualified (ADL)
As-if rule
Undefined behavior
Memory model and data races
Character sets and encodings
Phases of translation
The main function
Modules (C++20)

#if - #ifdef - #ifndef - #elif
#elifdef - #elifndef (C++23)
#define - # - ##
#include - #pragma
#line - #error - #warning (C++23)

Value categories
Evaluation order and sequencing
Constant expressions
Operators
  assignment – arithmetic
  increment and decrement
  logical – comparison
  member access and indirection
  call, comma, ternary
  sizeof – alignof (C++11)
  new – delete – typeid
Operator overloading
Default comparisons (C++20)
Operator precedence
Conversions
  implicit – explicit – user-defined
  static_cast – dynamic_cast
  const_cast – reinterpret_cast
Literals
  boolean – integer – floating
  character – string
  nullptr (C++11)
  user-defined (C++11)

Namespace declaration
Namespace alias
References – Pointers – Arrays
Structured bindings (C++17)
Enumerations and enumerators
Storage duration and linkage
Translation-unit-local (C++20)
Language linkage
inline specifier
Inline assembly
const/volatile – constexpr (C++11)
consteval (C++20) – constinit (C++20)
decltype (C++11) – auto (C++11)
typedef – Type alias (C++11)
Elaborated type specifiers
Attributes (C++11) – alignas (C++11)
static_assert (C++11)

Default initialization
Value initialization
Copy initialization
Direct initialization
Aggregate initialization
List initialization (C++11)
Reference initialization
Static non-local initialization
 zero – constant
Dynamic non-local initialization
 ordered – unordered
Copy elision

Function declaration
Default arguments
Variadic arguments
Lambda expression (C++11)
Argument-dependent lookup
Overload resolution
Operator overloading
Address of an overload set
Coroutines (C++20)

if – switch
for – range-for (C++11)
while – do-while
continue – break – goto – return
synchronized and atomic (TM TS)

Class types – Union types
injected-class-name
Data members – Bit fields
Member functions – The this pointer
Static members – Nested classes
Derived class – using-declaration
Empty base optimization
Virtual function – Abstract class
override (C++11) – final (C++11)
Member access – friend
Constructors and member initializer lists
Default constructor – Destructor
Copy constructor – Copy assignment
Move constructor (C++11)
Move assignment (C++11)
Converting constructor – explicit specifier

Template parameters and arguments
Class template – Function template
Variable template (C++14)
Class member template
Template argument deduction
Class template argument deduction (C++17)
Explicit specialization – Partial specialization
Parameter packs (C++11) – sizeof... (C++11)
Fold-expressions (C++17)
Dependent names – SFINAE
Constraints and concepts (C++20)
Requires expression (C++20)

throw-expression
try-catch block
function-try-block
noexcept specifier (C++11)
noexcept operator (C++11)
Dynamic exception specification (until C++17)

History of C++
Extending the namespace std
Acronyms

Resource acquisition is initialization
Rule of three/five/zero
Pointer to implementation
Zero-overhead principle