Difference between revisions of "cpp/numeric/math/rint"

Revision as of 13:08, 30 March 2023

Defined in header `<cmath>`
Rounding to floating-point types
	(1)
float rint ( float num ); double rint ( double num ); long double rint ( long double num );			(since C++11) (until C++23)
/* floating-point-type / rint( / floating-point-type */ num );			(since C++23)
float rintf( float num );		(2)	(since C++11)
long double rintl( long double num );		(3)	(since C++11)
Rounding to long
		(4)
long lrint ( float num ); long lrint ( double num ); long lrint ( long double num );				(since C++11) (until C++23)
long lrint ( /* floating-point-type */ num );				(since C++23)
long lrintf( float num );			(5)	(since C++11)
long lrintl( long double num );			(6)	(since C++11)
Rounding to long long
			(7)
long long llrint ( float num ); long long llrint ( double num ); long long llrint ( long double num );					(since C++11) (until C++23)
long long llrint ( /* floating-point-type */ num );					(since C++23)
long long llrintf( float num );				(8)	(since C++11)
long long llrintl( long double num );				(9)	(since C++11)
Additional overloads
Defined in header `<cmath>`
template< class Integer > double rint( Integer num );				(A)	(since C++11)
template< class Integer > long lrint( Integer num );				(B)	(since C++11)
template< class Integer > long long llrint( Integer num );				(C)	(since C++11)

1-3) Rounds the floating-point argument num to an integer value (in floating-point format), using the current rounding mode. The library provides overloads of std::rint for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter num.(since C++23)

4-9) Rounds the floating-point argument num to an integer value, using the current rounding mode. The library provides overloads of std::lrint and std::llrint for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter num.(since C++23)

A-C) Additional overloads are provided for all integer types, which are treated as double.

If num is ±∞, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
If the result of the rounding is outside the range of the return type, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned
If num is NaN, FE_INVALID is raised and an implementation-defined value is returned

Notes

POSIX specifies that all cases where std::lrint or std::llrint raise FE_INEXACT are domain errors.

As specified in math_errhandling, FE_INEXACT may be (but isn't required to be on non-IEEE floating-point platforms) raised by std::rint when rounding a non-integer finite value.

The only difference between std::rint and std::nearbyint is that std::nearbyint never raises FE_INEXACT.

The largest representable floating-point values are exact integers in all standard floating-point formats, so std::rint never overflows on its own; however the result may overflow any integer type (including std::intmax_t), when stored in an integer variable.

If the current rounding mode is:

FE_DOWNWARD, then std::rint is equivalent to std::floor.
FE_UPWARD, then std::rint is equivalent to std::ceil.
FE_TOWARDZERO, then std::rint is equivalent to std::trunc
FE_TONEAREST, then std::rint differs from std::round in that halfway cases are rounded to even rather than away from zero.

The additional overloads are not required to be provided exactly as (A-C). They only need to be sufficient to ensure that for their argument num of integer type:

std::rint(num) has the same effect as std::rint(static_cast<double>(num)).
std::lrint(num) has the same effect as std::lrint(static_cast<double>(num)).
std::llrint(num) has the same effect as std::llrint(static_cast<double>(num)).

Example

Run this code

#include <cfenv>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <iostream>
 
// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
int main()
{
    std::fesetround(FE_TONEAREST);
    std::cout << "Rounding to nearest (halfway cases to even):\n"
              << "  rint(+2.3) = " << std::rint(2.3) << '\n'
              << "  rint(+2.5) = " << std::rint(2.5) << '\n'
              << "  rint(+3.5) = " << std::rint(3.5) << '\n'
              << "  rint(-2.3) = " << std::rint(-2.3) << '\n'
              << "  rint(-2.5) = " << std::rint(-2.5) << '\n'
              << "  rint(-3.5) = " << std::rint(-3.5) << '\n';
 
    std::fesetround(FE_DOWNWARD);
    std::cout << "Rounding down:\n"
              << "  rint(+2.3) = " << std::rint(2.3) << '\n'
              << "  rint(+2.5) = " << std::rint(2.5) << '\n'
              << "  rint(+3.5) = " << std::rint(3.5) << '\n'
              << "  rint(-2.3) = " << std::rint(-2.3) << '\n'
              << "  rint(-2.5) = " << std::rint(-2.5) << '\n'
              << "  rint(-3.5) = " << std::rint(-3.5) << '\n'
              << "Rounding down with lrint:\n"
              << "  lrint(+2.3) = " << std::lrint(2.3) << '\n'
              << "  lrint(+2.5) = " << std::lrint(2.5) << '\n'
              << "  lrint(+3.5) = " << std::lrint(3.5) << '\n'
              << "  lrint(-2.3) = " << std::lrint(-2.3) << '\n'
              << "  lrint(-2.5) = " << std::lrint(-2.5) << '\n'
              << "  lrint(-3.5) = " << std::lrint(-3.5) << '\n'
              << "Special values:\n"
              << "  lrint(-0.0) = " << std::lrint(-0.0) << '\n'
              << std::hex << std::showbase
              << "  lrint(-Inf) = " << std::lrint(-INFINITY) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
 
    std::cout << "std::rint(0.1) = " << std::rint(.1) << '\n';
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INEXACT))
        std::cout << "  FE_INEXACT was raised\n";
 
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
 
    std::cout << "std::lrint(LONG_MIN-2048.0) = "
              << std::lrint(LONG_MIN - 2048.0) << '\n';
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
        std::cout << "  FE_INVALID was raised\n";
}

Possible output:

Rounding to nearest (halfway cases to even):
  rint(+2.3) = 2
  rint(+2.5) = 2
  rint(+3.5) = 4
  rint(-2.3) = -2
  rint(-2.5) = -2
  rint(-3.5) = -4
Rounding down:
  rint(+2.3) = 2
  rint(+2.5) = 2
  rint(+3.5) = 4
  rint(-2.3) = -2
  rint(-2.5) = -2
  rint(-3.5) = -4
Rounding down with lrint:
  lrint(+2.3) = 2
  lrint(+2.5) = 2
  lrint(+3.5) = 3
  lrint(-2.3) = -3
  lrint(-2.5) = -3
  lrint(-3.5) = -4
Special values:
  lrint(-0.0) = 0
  lrint(-Inf) = 0x8000000000000000
std::rint(0.1) = 0
std::lrint(LONG_MIN-2048.0) = 0x8000000000000000
  FE_INVALID was raised

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trunctruncftruncl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer not greater in magnitude than the given value (function) [edit]
nearbyintnearbyintfnearbyintl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	nearest integer using current rounding mode (function) [edit]
fegetroundfesetround (C++11)(C++11)	gets or sets rounding direction (function) [edit]
C documentation for rint

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Difference between revisions of "cpp/numeric/math/rint"

Revision as of 13:08, 30 March 2023

Contents

Parameters

Return value

Error handling

Notes

Example

See also

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