Difference between revisions of "c/string/byte"

Latest revision as of 10:15, 7 October 2024

A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {'\x63','\x61','\x74','\0'} is an NTBS holding the string "cat" in ASCII encoding.

Character classification
Defined in header `<ctype.h>`
isalnum	checks if a character is alphanumeric (function) [edit]
isalpha	checks if a character is alphabetic (function) [edit]
islower	checks if a character is lowercase (function) [edit]
isupper	checks if a character is an uppercase character (function) [edit]
isdigit	checks if a character is a digit (function) [edit]
isxdigit	checks if a character is a hexadecimal character (function) [edit]
iscntrl	checks if a character is a control character (function) [edit]
isgraph	checks if a character is a graphical character (function) [edit]
isspace	checks if a character is a space character (function) [edit]
isblank (C99)	checks if a character is a blank character (function) [edit]
isprint	checks if a character is a printing character (function) [edit]
ispunct	checks if a character is a punctuation character (function) [edit]
Character manipulation
tolower	converts a character to lowercase (function) [edit]
toupper	converts a character to uppercase (function) [edit]

Note: additional functions whose names begin with either to or is, followed by a lowercase letter, may be added to the header ctype.h in future and should not be defined by programs that include that header.

ASCII values			characters	`iscntrl` `iswcntrl`	`isprint` `iswprint`	`isspace` `iswspace`	`isblank` `iswblank`	`isgraph` `iswgraph`	`ispunct` `iswpunct`	`isalnum` `iswalnum`	`isalpha` `iswalpha`	`isupper` `iswupper`	`islower` `iswlower`	`isdigit` `iswdigit`	`isxdigit` `iswxdigit`
decimal	hexadecimal	octal	characters	`iscntrl` `iswcntrl`	`isprint` `iswprint`	`isspace` `iswspace`	`isblank` `iswblank`	`isgraph` `iswgraph`	`ispunct` `iswpunct`	`isalnum` `iswalnum`	`isalpha` `iswalpha`	`isupper` `iswupper`	`islower` `iswlower`	`isdigit` `iswdigit`	`isxdigit` `iswxdigit`
0–8	`\x0`–`\x8`	`\0`–`\10`	control codes (`NUL`, etc.)	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
9	`\x9`	`\11`	tab (`\t`)	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
10–13	`\xA`–`\xD`	`\12`–`\15`	whitespaces (`\n`, `\v`, `\f`, `\r`)	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
14–31	`\xE`–`\x1F`	`\16`–`\37`	control codes	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
32	`\x20`	`\40`	space	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
33–47	`\x21`–`\x2F`	`\41`–`\57`	`!"#$%&'()*+,-./`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
48–57	`\x30`–`\x39`	`\60`–`\71`	`0123456789`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`
58–64	`\x3A`–`\x40`	`\72`–`\100`	`:;<=>?@`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
65–70	`\x41`–`\x46`	`\101`–`\106`	`ABCDEF`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`
71–90	`\x47`–`\x5A`	`\107`–`\132`	`GHIJKLMNOP` `QRSTUVWXYZ`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
91–96	`\x5B`–`\x60`	`\133`–`\140`	[\]^_`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
97–102	`\x61`–`\x66`	`\141`–`\146`	`abcdef`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`
103–122	`\x67`–`\x7A`	`\147`–`\172`	`ghijklmnop` `qrstuvwxyz`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`
123–126	`\x7B`–`\x7E`	`\173`–`\176`	`{\|}~`	`0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`≠0`	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`
127	`\x7F`	`\177`	backspace character (`DEL`)	`≠0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`	`0`

Conversions to and from numeric formats
Defined in header `<stdlib.h>`
atof	converts a byte string to a floating-point value (function) [edit]
atoiatolatoll (C99)	converts a byte string to an integer value (function) [edit]
strtolstrtoll (C99)	converts a byte string to an integer value (function) [edit]
strtoul strtoull (C99)	converts a byte string to an unsigned integer value (function) [edit]
strtofstrtodstrtold (C99)(C99)	converts a byte string to a floating-point value (function) [edit]
strfromfstrfromdstrfroml (C23)(C23)(C23)	converts a floating-point value to a byte string (function) [edit]
Defined in header `<inttypes.h>`
strtoimaxstrtoumax (C99)(C99)	converts a byte string to intmax_t or uintmax_t (function) [edit]
String manipulation
Defined in header `<string.h>`
strcpystrcpy_s (C11)	copies one string to another (function) [edit]
strncpystrncpy_s (C11)	copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another (function) [edit]
strcatstrcat_s (C11)	concatenates two strings (function) [edit]
strncatstrncat_s (C11)	concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings (function) [edit]
strxfrm	transform a string so that strcmp would produce the same result as strcoll (function) [edit]
strdup (C23)	allocates a copy of a string (function) [edit]
strndup (C23)	allocates a copy of a string of specified size (function) [edit]
String examination
Defined in header `<string.h>`
strlenstrnlen_s (C11)	returns the length of a given string (function) [edit]
strcmp	compares two strings (function) [edit]
strncmp	compares a certain amount of characters of two strings (function) [edit]
strcoll	compares two strings in accordance to the current locale (function) [edit]
strchr	finds the first occurrence of a character (function) [edit]
strrchr	finds the last occurrence of a character (function) [edit]
strspn	returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists of only the characters found in another byte string (function) [edit]
strcspn	returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists of only the characters not found in another byte string (function) [edit]
strpbrk	finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string (function) [edit]
strstr	finds the first occurrence of a substring of characters (function) [edit]
strtokstrtok_s (C11)	finds the next token in a byte string (function) [edit]
Character array manipulation
Defined in header `<string.h>`
memchr	searches an array for the first occurrence of a character (function) [edit]
memcmp	compares two buffers (function) [edit]
memsetmemset_explicitmemset_s (C23)(C11)	fills a buffer with a character (function) [edit]
memcpymemcpy_s (C11)	copies one buffer to another (function) [edit]
memmovememmove_s (C11)	moves one buffer to another (function) [edit]
memccpy (C23)	copies one buffer to another, stopping after the specified delimiter (function) [edit]
Miscellaneous
Defined in header `<string.h>`
strerrorstrerror_sstrerrorlen_s (C11)(C11)	returns a text version of a given error code (function) [edit]

[edit] References

C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):

7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)

7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)

7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)

7.24 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.13 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)

K.3.6 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)

K.3.7 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)

C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):

7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)

7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)

7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)

7.24 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)

7.31.13 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)

K.3.6 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)

K.3.7 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)

C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):

7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 200-204)

7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 217-220)

7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 340-360)

7.24 String handling <string.h> (p: 362-372)

7.31.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 455)

7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 455)

7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 456)

7.31.13 String handling <string.h> (p: 456)

K.3.6 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 604-613)

K.3.7 String handling <string.h> (p: 614-623)

C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):

7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 181-185)

7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 198-201)

7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 306-324)

7.21 String handling <string.h> (p: 325-334)

7.26.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 401)

7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 401)

7.26.10 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 402)

7.26.11 String handling <string.h> (p: 402)

C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):

4.3 CHARACTER HANDLING <ctype.h>

4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>

4.11 STRING HANDLING <string.h>

4.13.2 Character handling <ctype.h>

4.13.7 General utilities <stdlib.h>

4.13.8 String handling <string.h>

[edit] See also

C++ documentation for Null-terminated byte strings

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 {{c/string/byte/navbar}}
-A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {{c|{'\x63','\x61','\x74','\0'}}} is an NTBS holding the string {{c|"cat"}} in ASCII encoding.
+A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {{c|{'\x63','\x61','\x74','\0'}<!---->}} is an NTBS holding the string {{c|"cat"}} in {{lt|c/language/ascii|ASCII}} encoding.
 ===Functions===
 {{dsc begin}}
-{{dsc h2 | Character classification}}
+{{dsc h2|Character classification}}
-{{dsc header | ctype.h}}
+{{dsc header|ctype.h}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isalnum}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isalnum}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isalpha}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isalpha}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list islower}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc islower}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isupper}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isupper}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isdigit}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isdigit}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isxdigit}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isxdigit}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list iscntrl}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc iscntrl}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isgraph}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isgraph}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isspace}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isspace}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isblank}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isblank}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list isprint}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isprint}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list ispunct}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc ispunct}}
-{{dsc h2 | Character manipulation}}
+{{dsc h2|Character manipulation}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list tolower}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc tolower}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list toupper}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc toupper}}
 {{dsc end}}
+Note: additional functions whose names begin with either {{ttb|to}} or {{ttb|is}}, followed by a lowercase letter, may be added to the header {{tt|ctype.h}} in future and should not be defined by programs that include that header.
 {{c/string/character classes}}
 {{dsc begin}}
-{{dsc h2 | Conversions to numeric formats}}
+{{dsc h2|Conversions to and from numeric formats}}
-{{dsc header | stdlib.h}}
+{{dsc header|stdlib.h}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list atof}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc atof}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list atoi}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc atoi}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strtol}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtol}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strtoul}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtoul}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strtof}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtof}}
-{{dsc header  | inttypes.h}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strfromf}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strtoimax}}
+{{dsc header|inttypes.h}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtoimax}}
-{{dsc h2 | String manipulation}}
+{{dsc h2|String manipulation}}
-{{dsc header | string.h}}
+{{dsc header|string.h}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strcpy}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcpy}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strncpy}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strncpy}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strcat}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcat}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strncat}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strncat}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strxfrm}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strxfrm}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strdup}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strndup}}
-{{dsc h2 | String examination}}
+{{dsc h2|String examination}}
-{{dsc header | string.h}}
+{{dsc header|string.h}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strlen}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strlen}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strcmp}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcmp}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strncmp}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strncmp}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strcoll}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcoll}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strchr}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strchr}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strrchr}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strrchr}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strspn}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strspn}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strcspn}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcspn}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strpbrk}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strpbrk}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strstr}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strstr}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strtok}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtok}}
-{{dsc h2 | Character array manipulation}}
+{{dsc h2|Character array manipulation}}
-{{dsc header | string.h}}
+{{dsc header|string.h}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list memchr}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memchr}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list memcmp}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memcmp}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list memset}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memset}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list memcpy}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memcpy}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list memmove}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memmove}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memccpy}}
-{{dsc h2 | Miscellaneous}}
+{{dsc h2|Miscellaneous}}
-{{dsc header | string.h}}
+{{dsc header|string.h}}
-{{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dcl list strerror}}
+{{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strerror}}
+{{dsc end}}
+===References===
+{{ref std c23}}
+{{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.22|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.24|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.5|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.12|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.13|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=K.3.6|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=K.3.7|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std end}}
+{{ref std c17}}
+{{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.22|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.24|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.5|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.12|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.13|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=K.3.6|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std|section=K.3.7|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}}
+{{ref std end}}
+{{ref std c11}}
+{{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=200-204}}
+{{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=217-220}}
+{{ref std|section=7.22|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=340-360}}
+{{ref std|section=7.24|title=String handling <string.h>|p=362-372}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=455}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.5|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=455}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.12|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=456}}
+{{ref std|section=7.31.13|title=String handling <string.h>|p=456}}
+{{ref std|section=K.3.6|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=604-613}}
+{{ref std|section=K.3.7|title=String handling <string.h>|p=614-623}}
+{{ref std end}}
+{{ref std c99}}
+{{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=181-185}}
+{{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=198-201}}
+{{ref std|section=7.20|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=306-324}}
+{{ref std|section=7.21|title=String handling <string.h>|p=325-334}}
+{{ref std|section=7.26.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=401}}
+{{ref std|section=7.26.4|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=401}}
+{{ref std|section=7.26.10|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=402}}
+{{ref std|section=7.26.11|title=String handling <string.h>|p=402}}
+{{ref std end}}
+{{ref std c89}}
+{{ref std|section=4.3|title=CHARACTER HANDLING <ctype.h>}}
+{{ref std|section=4.10|title=GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>}}
+{{ref std|section=4.11|title=STRING HANDLING <string.h>}}
+{{ref std|section=4.13.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>}}
+{{ref std|section=4.13.7|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>}}
+{{ref std|section=4.13.8|title=String handling <string.h>}}
+{{ref std end}}
+===See also===
+{{dsc begin}}
+{{dsc see cpp|cpp/string/byte|{{tt|Null}}-terminated byte strings|nomono=true}}
 {{dsc end}}
-[[de:c/string/byte]]
+{{langlinks|ar|cs|de|es|fr|it|ja|ko|pl|pt|ru|tr|zh}}
-[[es:c/string/byte]]
-[[fr:c/string/byte]]
-[[it:c/string/byte]]
-[[ja:c/string/byte]]
-[[pt:c/string/byte]]
-[[ru:c/string/byte]]
-[[zh:c/string/byte]]

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Difference between revisions of "c/string/byte"

Latest revision as of 10:15, 7 October 2024

Contents

[edit] Functions

Character classification

Character manipulation

Conversions to and from numeric formats

String manipulation

String examination

Character array manipulation

Miscellaneous

[edit] References

[edit] See also

Navigation

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Byte strings
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