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Difference between revisions of "cpp/container/vector/vector"

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | container‎ | vector
(Detached this page from the {{cpp/container/constructor}} template, and added LWG2210/N3346 DRs (the vector-exclusive notes are removed).)
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@5@ Constructs a {{tt|vector}} with the contents of the range {{range|first|last}}.
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@5@ Constructs a {{tt|vector}} with the contents of the range {{range|first|last}}. Each iterator in {{range|first|last}} is dereferenced exactly once.
 
{{rev begin}}
 
{{rev begin}}
 
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{{cpp/enable if|{{tt|InputIt}} satisfies the requirements of {{named req|InputIterator}}}}.
 
{{cpp/enable if|{{tt|InputIt}} satisfies the requirements of {{named req|InputIterator}}}}.
  
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If {{tt|T}} is not {{named req|EmplaceConstructible}} into {{c/core|std::vector<T>}} from {{c|*first}}, the behavior is undefined.
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If any of the following conditions is satisfied, the behavior is undefined:
 +
* {{tt|T}} is not {{named req|EmplaceConstructible}} into {{c/core|std::vector<T>}} from {{c|*first}}.
 +
* {{tt|Iter}} does not satisfy the requirements of {{named req|ForwardIterator}}, and {{tt|T}} is not {{named req|MoveInsertable}} into {{c/core|std::vector<T>}}.
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{rev end}}
 
{{rev end}}
  
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@6@ Constructs a {{tt|vector}} with the contents of the range {{c|rg}}. Each iterator in the {{c|rg}} is dereferenced exactly once.
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@6@ Constructs a {{tt|vector}} with the contents of the range {{c|rg}}. Each iterator in {{c|rg}} is dereferenced exactly once.
−
@@ If {{tt|T}} is not {{named req|EmplaceConstructible}} into {{c/core|std::vector<T>}} from {{c|*ranges::begin(rg)}}, the behavior is undefined.
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@@ If any of the following conditions is satisfied, the behavior is undefined:
 +
* {{tt|T}} is not {{named req|EmplaceConstructible}} into {{c/core|std::vector<T>}} from {{c|*ranges::begin(rg)}}.
 +
* {{tt|R}} models neither {{lconcept|sized_range}} nor {{lconcept|forward_range}}, and {{tt|T}} is not {{named req|MoveInsertable}} into {{c/core|std::vector<T>}}.
  
 
@7-10@ Constructs a {{tt|vector}} with the contents of {{c|other}}.
 
@7-10@ Constructs a {{tt|vector}} with the contents of {{c|other}}.

Latest revision as of 19:39, 10 November 2024

 
C++
 
Containers library
 
std::vector
Member types
Member functions
Non-member functions
(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)
Deduction guides(C++17)
 
(1)
vector() : vector(Allocator()) {}
 (since C++11)
(until C++17)
vector() noexcept(noexcept(Allocator())) : vector(Allocator()) {}
 (since C++17)
(constexpr since C++20)
(2)
explicit vector( const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (until C++11)
explicit vector( const Allocator& alloc );
 (since C++11)
(noexcept since C++17)
(constexpr since C++20)
explicit vector( size_type count,
                 const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (3) (since C++11)
(4)
explicit vector( size_type count, const T& value = T(),
                 const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (until C++11)
vector( size_type count, const T& value,
        const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++20)
template< class InputIt >

vector( InputIt first, InputIt last,

        const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (5) (constexpr since C++20)
template< container-compatible-range<T> R >

constexpr vector( std::from_range_t, R&& rg,

                  const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (6) (since C++23)
vector( const vector& other );
 (7) (constexpr since C++20)
vector( vector&& other );
 (8) (since C++11)
(noexcept since C++17)
(constexpr since C++20)
(9)
vector( const vector& other, const Allocator& alloc );
 (since C++11)
(constexpr since C++20)
(until C++23)
constexpr vector( const vector& other,
                  const std::type_identity_t<Allocator>& alloc );
 (since C++23)
(10)
vector( vector&& other, const Allocator& alloc );
 (since C++11)
(until C++23)
constexpr vector( vector&& other,
                  const std::type_identity_t<Allocator>& alloc );
 (since C++23)
vector( std::initializer_list<T> init,
        const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (11) (since C++11)

Constructs a new vector from a variety of data sources, optionally using a user supplied allocator alloc.

1) The default constructor since C++11. Constructs an empty vector with a default-constructed allocator.
If Allocator is not DefaultConstructible, the behavior is undefined.
2) The default constructor until C++11. Constructs an empty vector with the given allocator alloc.
3) Constructs a vector with count default-inserted objects of T. No copies are made.
If T is not DefaultInsertable into std::vector<T>, the behavior is undefined.
4) Constructs a vector with count copies of elements with value value.

If T is not CopyInsertable into std::vector<T>, the behavior is undefined.

(since C++11)
5) Constructs a vector with the contents of the range [first, last). Each iterator in [first, last) is dereferenced exactly once.

If InputIt does not satisfy the requirements of LegacyInputIterator, overload (4) is called instead with arguments static_cast<size_type>(first), last and alloc.

(until C++11)

This overload participates in overload resolution only if InputIt satisfies the requirements of LegacyInputIterator.

If any of the following conditions is satisfied, the behavior is undefined:

(since C++11)
6) Constructs a vector with the contents of the range rg. Each iterator in rg is dereferenced exactly once.
If any of the following conditions is satisfied, the behavior is undefined:
7-10) Constructs a vector with the contents of other.
7) The copy constructor.

The allocator is obtained as if by calling std::allocator_traits<Allocator>::
    select_on_container_copy_construction
        (other.get_allocator()).

(since C++11)
8) The move constructor. The allocator is obtained by move construction from other.get_allocator().
9) Same as the copy constructor, except that alloc is used as the allocator.
If T is not CopyInsertable into std::vector<T>, the behavior is undefined.
10) Same as the move constructor, except that alloc is used as the allocator.
If T is not MoveInsertable into std::vector<T>, the behavior is undefined.
11) Equivalent to vector(il.begin(), il.end(), alloc).

Contents

[edit] Parameters

alloc - allocator to use for all memory allocations of this container
count - the size of the container
value - the value to initialize elements of the container with
first, last - the range to copy the elements from
other - another container to be used as source to initialize the elements of the container with
init - initializer list to initialize the elements of the container with
rg - a container compatible range

[edit] Complexity

1,2) Constant.
3,4) Linear in count.
5) Given std::distance(first, last) as N:
  • If first and last are both forward, bidirectional or random-access iterators,
  • The copy constructor of T is only called N  times, and
  • No reallocation occurs.
  • Otherwise (first and last are just input iterators),
  • The copy constructor of T is called O(N) times, and
  • Reallocation occurs O(log N) times.
6) Given ranges::distance(rg) as N:
  • If R models ranges::forward_range or ranges::sized_range,
  • Initializes exactly N elements from the result of dereferencing successive iterators of rg, and
  • No reallocation occurs.
  • Otherwise (R models input range),
  • The copy or move constructor of T is called O(N) times, and
  • Reallocation occurs O(log N) times.
7) Linear in other.size().
8) Constant.
9) Linear in other.size().
10) Linear in other.size() if alloc != other.get_allocator(), otherwise constant.
11) Linear in init.size().

[edit] Exceptions

Calls to Allocator::allocate may throw.

[edit] Notes

After container move construction (overload (8)), references, pointers, and iterators (other than the end iterator) to other remain valid, but refer to elements that are now in *this. The current standard makes this guarantee via the blanket statement in [container.reqmts]/67, and a more direct guarantee is under consideration via LWG issue 2321.

Feature-test macro Value Std Feature
__cpp_lib_containers_ranges 202202L (C++23) Ranges-aware construction and insertion; overload (6)

[edit] Example

Run this code
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
template<typename T>
std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& s, const std::vector<T>& v)
{
    s.put('{');
    for (char comma[]{'\0', ' ', '\0'}; const auto& e : v)
        s << comma << e, comma[0] = ',';
    return s << "}\n";
}
 
int main()
{
    // C++11 initializer list syntax:
    std::vector<std::string> words1{"the", "frogurt", "is", "also", "cursed"};
    std::cout << "1: " << words1;
 
    // words2 == words1
    std::vector<std::string> words2(words1.begin(), words1.end());
    std::cout << "2: " << words2;
 
    // words3 == words1
    std::vector<std::string> words3(words1);
    std::cout << "3: " << words3;
 
    // words4 is {"Mo", "Mo", "Mo", "Mo", "Mo"}
    std::vector<std::string> words4(5, "Mo");
    std::cout << "4: " << words4;
 
    const auto rg = {"cat", "cow", "crow"};
#ifdef __cpp_lib_containers_ranges
    std::vector<std::string> words5(std::from_range, rg); // overload (6)
#else
    std::vector<std::string> words5(rg.begin(), rg.end()); // overload (5)
#endif
    std::cout << "5: " << words5;
}

Output: 

1: {the, frogurt, is, also, cursed}
2: {the, frogurt, is, also, cursed}
3: {the, frogurt, is, also, cursed}
4: {Mo, Mo, Mo, Mo, Mo}
5: {cat, cow, crow}

[edit] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 134 C++98 overload (5) allowed up to 2N  copy
constructor calls in the input iterator case 		changed to O(N) calls
LWG 438 C++98 overload (5) would only call overload (4)
if InputIt is an integral type 		calls overload (4) if InputIt
is not an LegacyInputIterator
LWG 2193 C++11 the default constructor was explicit made non-explicit
LWG 2210 C++11 overload (3) did not have an allocator parameter added the parameter
N3346 C++11 for overload (3), the elements in
the container were value-initialized 		they are default-inserted

[edit] See also

 assigns values to the container
(public member function) [edit]
assigns values to the container
(public member function) [edit]
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