C++ language

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

C++ language

General topics
Preprocessor Comments	Keywords Escape sequences
Flow control
Conditional execution statements
if	switch
Iteration statements (loops)
for range-for (C++11)	while do-while
Jump statements
continue - break	goto - return
Functions
Function declaration
Lambda function expression
inline specifier
Dynamic exception specifications (until C++17*)
noexcept specifier (C++11)
Exceptions
throw-expression try block	handler
Namespaces
Namespace declaration	Namespace aliases
Types
Fundamental types Enumeration types Function types	Class/struct types Union types
Specifiers
const/volatile decltype (C++11) auto (C++11)	constexpr (C++11) consteval (C++20) constinit (C++20)
Storage duration specifiers
Initialization
Default-initialization Value-initialization Zero-initialization Copy-initialization Direct-initialization	Aggregate initialization List-initialization (C++11)   Constant initialization Reference initialization

Expressions
Value categories Order of evaluation	Operators Operator precedence
Alternative representations
Literals
Boolean - Integer - Floating-point
Character - String - nullptr (C++11)
User-defined (C++11)
Utilities
Attributes (C++11)
Types
typedef declaration
Type alias declaration (C++11)
Casts
Implicit conversions static_cast const_cast	Explicit conversions dynamic_cast reinterpret_cast
Memory allocation
new expression	delete expression
Classes
Class declaration Constructors this pointer	Access specifiers friend specifier
Class-specific function properties
Virtual function override specifier (C++11)   final specifier (C++11)	explicit (C++11) static
Special member functions
Default constructor Copy constructor Move constructor (C++11)	Copy assignment Move assignment (C++11) Destructor
Templates
Class template Function template	Template specialization Parameter packs (C++11)
Miscellaneous
Inline assembly	History of C++

 

This is a brief reference of available C++ language constructs.

Basic concepts Comments ASCII chart Names and identifiers Types - Fundamental types Object - Scope - Lifetime Definitions and ODR Name lookup   qualified - unqualified Memory model and data races Phases of translation The main() function C++ Keywords Preprocessor #if - #ifdef - #ifndef #define - # - ## - #include #error - #pragma - #line Expressions Value categories Evaluation order and sequencing Constant expressions Operators   assignment - arithmetic   increment and decrement   logical - comparison   member access and indirection   call, comma, ternary   sizeof - alignof(C++11)   new - delete - typeid Operator overloading Default comparisons(C++20) Operator precedence Conversions   implicit - explicit - user-defined   static_cast - dynamic_cast   const_cast - reinterpret_cast Literals   boolean - integer - floating   character - string   nullptr(C++11)   user-defined (C++11)

Declaration Namespace declaration Namespace alias Lvalue and rvalue references Pointers - Arrays Structured bindings(C++17) Enumerations and enumerators Storage duration and linkage Language linkage Inline assembly const/volatile - constexpr(C++11) decltype(C++11) - auto(C++11) alignas(C++11) typedef - Type alias(C++11) Elaborated type specifiers Attributes(C++11) static_assert(C++11) Initialization Default initialization Value initialization(C++03) Copy initialization Direct initialization Aggregate initialization List initialization(C++11) Reference initialization Static non-local initialization  zero - constant Dynamic non-local initialization  ordered - unordered Functions Function declaration Default arguments Variadic arguments Lambda expression(C++11) inline specifier Argument-dependent lookup Overload resolution Operator overloading Address of an overload set Statements if - switch for - range-for(C++11) while - do-while continue - break - goto - return synchronized and atomic(TM TS)

Classes Class types - Union types injected-class-name Data members - Member functions Static members - Nested classes Derived class - using-declaration Virtual function - Abstract class Member access - friend override(C++11) - final(C++11) Bit fields - The this pointer Constructors and member initializer lists Default constructor - Destructor Copy constructor - Copy assignment Move constructor(C++11) - Move assignment(C++11) Converting constructor - explicit specifier Templates Template parameters and arguments Class template - Function template Class member template Variable template(C++14) Template argument deduction Explicit specialization Class template argument deduction(C++17) Partial specialization Parameter packs(C++11) - sizeof...(C++11) Fold-expressions(C++17) Dependent names - SFINAE Constraints and concepts (C++20) Exceptions throw-expression try-catch block function-try-block noexcept specifier(C++11) noexcept operator(C++11) Dynamic exception specification(until C++17) Miscellaneous History of C++ - Extending the namespace std Rule of three/five/zero - As-if rule Copy elision Acronyms UB - Undefined behavior RAII - Resource acquisition is initialization EBO - Empty base optimization PIMPL - Pointer to implementation RVO - Return value optimization IIFE - Immediately-invoked function expression CTAD - Class template argument deduction

See also

C documentation for C language constructs