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std::{{{1}}}::{{{1}}}

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Revision as of 10:54, 24 August 2022 by Kumiponi (Talk | contribs)

 
C++
 
Containers library
 
(1)
{{{1}}}();

explicit {{{1}}}( const Compare& comp,

                  const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
explicit {{{1}}}( const Allocator& alloc );
 (since C++11)
(2)
template< class InputIt >

{{{1}}}( InputIt first, InputIt last,
         const Compare& comp = Compare(),

         const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (since {std})
template< class InputIt >

{{{1}}}( InputIt first, InputIt last, const Allocator& alloc)

        : {{{1}}}(first, last, Compare(), alloc) {}
 (since C++14)
{{{1}}}( const {{{1}}}& other );
 (3) (since {std})
{{{1}}}( const {{{1}}}& other, const Allocator& alloc );
 (3) (since C++11)
{{{1}}}( {{{1}}}&& other );
 (4) (since C++11)
{{{1}}}( {{{1}}}&& other, const Allocator& alloc );
 (4) (since C++11)
(5)
{{{1}}}( std::initializer_list<value_type> init,

         const Compare& comp = Compare(),

         const Allocator& alloc = Allocator() );
 (since C++11)
{{{1}}}( std::initializer_list<value_type> init, const Allocator& alloc )
        : {{{1}}}(init, Compare(), alloc) {}
 (since C++14)

Constructs new container from a variety of data sources and optionally using user supplied allocator alloc or comparison function object comp.

1) Default constructor. Constructs empty container.
2) Range constructor. Constructs the container with the contents of the range [first, last). If multiple elements in the range have keys that compare equivalent, it is unspecified which element is inserted (pending LWG2844).
3) Copy constructor. Constructs the container with the copy of the contents of other.

If alloc is not provided, allocator is obtained by calling std::allocator_traits<allocator_type>::select_on_container_copy_construction(
    other.get_allocator()).

(since C++11)

The template parameter Allocator is only deduced from the first argument while used in class template argument deduction.

(since C++23)
4) Move constructor. Constructs the container with the contents of other using move semantics. If alloc is not provided, allocator is obtained by move-construction from the allocator belonging to other.

The template parameter Allocator is only deduced from the first argument while used in class template argument deduction.

(since C++23)
5) Initializer-list constructor. Constructs the container with the contents of the initializer list init. If multiple elements in the range have keys that compare equivalent, it is unspecified which element is inserted (pending LWG2844).

Contents

Parameters

alloc - allocator to use for all memory allocations of this container
comp - comparison function object to use for all comparisons of keys
first, last - the range to copy the elements from
other - another container to be used as source to initialize the elements of the container with
init - initializer list to initialize the elements of the container with
Type requirements
-
InputIt must meet the requirements of LegacyInputIterator.
-
Compare must meet the requirements of Compare.
-
Allocator must meet the requirements of Allocator.

Complexity

1) Constant
2) N log(N) where N = std::distance(first, last) in general, linear in N if the range is already sorted by value_comp().
3) Linear in size of other
4) Constant. If alloc is given and alloc != other.get_allocator(), then linear.
5) N log(N) where N = init.size() in general, linear in N if init is already sorted by value_comp().

Exceptions

Calls to Allocator::allocate may throw.

Notes

After container move construction (overload (4)), references, pointers, and iterators (other than the end iterator) to other remain valid, but refer to elements that are now in *this. The current standard makes this guarantee via the blanket statement in [container.reqmts]/67, and a more direct guarantee is under consideration via LWG issue 2321.

Although not formally required until C++23, some implementations has already put the template parameter Allocator into non-deduced contexts in earlier modes.

Example

Run this code
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <cmath>
 
struct Point { double x, y; };
struct PointCmp {
    bool operator()(const Point& lhs, const Point& rhs) const { 
        return std::hypot(lhs.x, lhs.y) < std::hypot(rhs.x, rhs.y); 
    }
};
 
int main()
{
  // (1) Default constructor
  std::set<std::string> a;
  a.insert("cat");
  a.insert("dog");
  a.insert("horse");
  for(auto& str: a) std::cout << str << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
 
  // (2) Iterator constructor
  std::set<std::string> b(a.find("dog"), a.end());
  for(auto& str: b) std::cout << str << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
 
  // (3) Copy constructor
  std::set<std::string> c(a);
  c.insert("another horse");
  for(auto& str: c) std::cout << str << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
 
  // (4) Move constructor
  std::set<std::string> d(std::move(a));
  for(auto& str: d) std::cout << str << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
  std::cout << "moved-from set is ";
  for(auto& str: a) std::cout << str << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
 
  // (5) Initializer list constructor
  std::set<std::string> e {"one", "two", "three", "five", "eight"};
  for(auto& str: e) std::cout << str << ' ';
  std::cout << '\n';
 
  // custom comparison
  std::set<Point, PointCmp> z = {{2, 5}, {3, 4}, {1, 1}};
  z.insert({1, -1}); // this fails because the magnitude of 1,-1 equals 1,1
  for(auto& p: z) std::cout << '(' << p.x << ',' << p.y << ") ";
  std::cout << '\n';
}

Output: 

cat dog horse 
dog horse 
another horse cat dog horse 
cat dog horse 
moved-from set is 
eight five one three two 
(1,1) (3,4) (2,5)

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR Applied to Behavior as published Correct behavior
LWG 2193 C++11 the default constructor is explicit made non-explicit

See also

 assigns values to the container
(public member function of std::{{{1}}}) [edit]
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