Execution library
From cppreference.com
The Execution library provides a framework for managing asynchronous execution on generic execution resources, targeting the standard C++ library.
The library aims to provide vocabulary types for async operations and to allow the construction of task execution graphs in a simple, composable way.
Contents |
Library-wide definitions
- Sender - Contains data and/or work to be sent for execution.
- Senders can be chained to build execution pipes (translated into a tasks graph).
- Different types of senders can be produced by senders factories/adaptors.
- Receiver/Sender Consumer - Closure of execution pipe, consume sender(s) and returns an Operation State.
- Receiver contains environment, which holds data on the execution context
- By default (if not provided) the environment is the default env.
- Operation State - Object which holds: data + work + execution context. Executed by calling “start”
- Scheduler - Execution context on which operation can run (CPU, thread pool, GPU threads, Event loop, etc.)
Library utilities
Senders
Sender factories
A sender factory takes a non-sender (function/data) and returns a sender.
A sender with no completion schedulers is an “open-ended” operation, that can be used in the pipe. All the following senders are created without a completion scheduler.
| Defined in header
<execution> | |
| Defined in namespace
std::execution | |
| (C++26) |
prepares a task graph for execution on a given scheduler (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
Accepts a variadic number of arguments and returns a sender that, when connected and started, completes synchronously by passing the arguments to the receiver's value completion function (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
Accepts a single argument and returns a sender that, when connected and started, completes synchronously by passing the argument to the receiver's error completion function (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
creates a sender that completes immediately by calling its receiver's set_stopped(customization point object) |
Sender adaptors
A sender adaptor takes a sender and returns a sender.
Adaptors for single-shot and multi-shot senders
| Defined in header
<execution> | |
| Defined in namespace
std::execution | |
| Returns a sender describes transition from the execution context of the input sender to the execution context of the target scheduler (function template) | |
| (C++26) |
chains the task graph by the input sender with a node represents invoking the provided function with the values sent by the input sender as arguments (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
chains the task graph by the input sender with a node representing invoking the provided function with the error sent by the input sender if an error occurred (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
chains the task graph by the input sender with a node representing invoking the provided function with the stopped behavior by the input sender if a "stopped" signal is sent (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
returns a sender which represents a node chained to the input sender, which when started, invokes the provided function with the values sent by the input sender as arguments (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
returns a sender which represents a node chained to the input sender, which invokes the provided function with the error from the input sender, if occurred (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
returns a sender which represents a node chained to the input sender, which invokes the provided function with the stop token from the input sender, if the "stopped" signal is sent (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
start the provided sender on an execution agent belonging to the execution resource associated with the provided scheduler (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
returns a sender which sends a variant of tuples of all the possible sets of types sent by the input sender (customization point object) |
| returns a sender that maps the value channel to std::optional<std::decay_t<T>> and the stopped channel to std::nullopt (customization point object) | |
| (C++26) |
returns a sender that maps the stopped channel to an error (customization point object) |
| Eagerly starts a sender, returning a sender that will deliver the results to a receiver to which it is connected and started, if any. When the result sender is not connected to a receiver, or if the resulting operation state is not started, the results are ignored. If such a sender is destroyed before the underlying operation completes, the operation continues running detached. (function template) | |
Adaptors for multi-shot senders
| Defined in header
<execution> | |
| Defined in namespace
std::execution | |
| (C++26) |
creates a multi-shot sender that invokes the function with every index in the provided shape along with the values sent by the input sender. The sender completes once all invocations have completed, or an error has occurred (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
if the provided sender is a multi-shot sender, returns that sender, otherwise, returns a multi-shot sender which sends values equivalent to the values sent by the provided sender (customization point object) |
| (C++26) |
completes once all of the input senders have completed (customization point object) |
Example
Uses stdexec (available on godbolt), which is an experimental reference implementation for std::execution.
Run this code
#include <iostream> #include <stdexec/execution.hpp> #include <thread> using namespace std::literals; stdexec::run_loop loop; std::thread worker([]{ loop.run(); }); int main() { auto hello = stdexec::just("hello world"s); auto work = hello | stdexec::then([](auto msg) { std::cout << msg << '\n'; return 0; }); const auto [result] = stdexec::sync_wait(stdexec::on(loop.get_scheduler(), std::move(work))).value(); loop.finish(); worker.join(); return result; }
Output:
hello world
