std::{{{1}}}::back
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad">reference back();
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad">constexpr const_reference back() const;
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<td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td> <td class="t-dcl-nopad"> </td> </tr> Template:ddcl list end
Returns reference to the last element in the container.
Calling back on an empty container is undefined.
Contents |
Parameters
(none)
Return value
reference to the last element
Complexity
Constant
Notes
For a container c, the expression return c.back(); is equivalent to { auto tmp = c.end(); --tmp; return *tmp; }
Const version is marked as constexpr since c++14
Example
The following code uses back to display the last element of a std::{{{1}}}<char>:
Run this code
#include <{{{1}}}> #include <iostream> int main() { std::{{{1}}}<char> letters {'o', 'm', 'g', 'w', 't', 'f'}; if (!letters.empty()) { std::cout << "The last character is: " << letters.back() << '\n'; } }
Output:
The last character is f
