std::ranges::views::empty, std::ranges::empty_view

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Ranges library

Range access begin cbegin   end cend rbegin crbegin   rend crend size ssize   data cdata empty

Range conversions std::from_range_t std::from_range (C++23)(C++23)     to (C++23)

Dangling iterator handling dangling borrowed_iterator_t borrowed_subrange_t

Range primitives
range_size_trange_difference_trange_value_t elements_of (C++23)	iterator_tconst_iterator_tsentinel_tconst_sentinel_t (C++23)(C++23)	range_reference_trange_const_reference_trange_rvalue_reference_trange_common_reference_t (C++23)

Range concepts
range borrowed_range    sized_range	common_range view viewable_range	input_range output_range forward_range	bidirectional_range    random_access_range contiguous_range	constant_range (C++23)

Views
view_interface	subrange

Range factories
empty_viewviews::empty	single_viewviews::single	basic_istream_viewviews::istream	iota_viewviews::iota	repeat_viewviews::repeat (C++23)(C++23)

Range adaptors
views::all_tviews::all ref_view owning_view as_rvalue_viewviews::as_rvalue (C++23)(C++23)   filter_viewviews::filter transform_viewviews::transform take_viewviews::take take_while_viewviews::take_while concat_viewviews::concat (C++26)(C++26)	drop_viewviews::drop drop_while_viewviews::drop_while join_viewviews::join join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)(C++23)   lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split split_viewviews::split views::counted common_viewviews::common	reverse_viewviews::reverse as_const_viewviews::as_const (C++23)(C++23) elements_viewviews::elements keys_viewviews::keys values_viewviews::values enumerate_viewviews::enumerate (C++23)(C++23) zip_viewviews::zip (C++23)(C++23) zip_transform_viewviews::zip_transform (C++23)(C++23)	adjacent_viewviews::adjacent (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise (C++23) adjacent_transform_viewviews::adjacent_transform (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise_transform (C++23) chunk_viewviews::chunk (C++23)(C++23) slide_viewviews::slide (C++23)(C++23) chunk_by_viewviews::chunk_by (C++23)(C++23) stride_viewviews::stride (C++23)(C++23) cartesian_product_viewviews::cartesian_product (C++23)(C++23)

Range generators std::generator (C++23)

Range adaptor closure objects range_adaptor_closure (C++23)

Range adaptor objects

Helper items
copyable-box movable-box (until C++23)  (C++23)	simple-view non-propagating-cache

 

Defined in header <ranges>
template<class T>     requires std::is_object_v<T> class empty_view : public ranges::view_interface<empty_view<T>>	(1)	(since C++20)
namespace views {     template<class T>     constexpr empty_view<T> empty{}; }	(2)	(since C++20)

1) A range factory that produces a view of no elements of a particular type.

2) Variable template for empty_view.

Member functions

begin [static]	returns nullptr (public static member function)
end [static]	returns nullptr (public static member function)
data [static]	returns nullptr (public static member function)
size [static]	returns ​0​ (public static member function)
empty [static]	returns true (public static member function)
Inherited from std::ranges::view_interface
cbegin (C++23)	returns a constant iterator to the beginning of the range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
cend (C++23)	returns a sentinel for the constant iterator of the range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
operator bool	returns whether the derived view is not empty. Provided if ranges::empty is applicable to it. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
front	returns the first element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies forward_range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
back	returns the last element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies bidirectional_range and common_range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)
operator[]	returns the nth element in the derived view. Provided if it satisfies random_access_range. (public member function of std::ranges::view_interface<D>)

std::ranges::empty_view::begin

static constexpr T* begin() noexcept { return nullptr; }		(since C++20)

empty_view does not reference any element.

std::ranges::empty_view::end

static constexpr T* end() noexcept { return nullptr; }		(since C++20)

empty_view does not reference any element.

std::ranges::empty_view::data

static constexpr T* data() noexcept { return nullptr; }		(since C++20)

empty_view does not reference any element.

std::ranges::empty_view::size

static constexpr std::size_t size() noexcept { return 0; }		(since C++20)

empty_view is always empty.

std::ranges::empty_view::empty

static constexpr bool empty() noexcept { return true; }		(since C++20)

empty_view is always empty.

Helper templates

template<class T> constexpr bool ranges::enable_borrowed_range<ranges::empty_view<T>> = true;		(since C++20)

This specialization of ranges::enable_borrowed_range makes empty_view satisfy borrowed_range.

Notes

Although empty_view obtains front, back, and operator[] member functions from view_interface, calls to them always result in undefined behavior since an empty_view is always empty.

The inherited operator bool conversion function always returns false.

Example

Run this code

#include <ranges>
 
int main()
{
    namespace ranges = std::ranges;
 
    ranges::empty_view<long> e;
    static_assert(ranges::empty(e)); // uses operator bool
    static_assert(0 == e.size());
    static_assert(nullptr == e.data());
    static_assert(nullptr == e.begin());
    static_assert(nullptr == e.end());
    static_assert(nullptr == e.cbegin());
    static_assert(nullptr == e.cend());
}

See also

optional (C++17)	a wrapper that may or may not hold an object (class template)
ranges::single_viewviews::single (C++20)	a view that contains a single element of a specified value (class template) (customization point object)
views::all_tviews::all (C++20)	a view that includes all elements of a range (alias template) (range adaptor object)
ranges::ref_view (C++20)	a view of the elements of some other range (class template)