std::toupper(std::locale)

 

C++

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Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Localization library

Locales and facets
Locales
has_facet use_facet	locale
Facet category base classes
ctype_base codecvt_base messages_base	time_base money_base
ctype facets
ctype ctype<char> ctype_byname	codecvt codecvt_byname
numeric facets
num_get num_put	numpunct numpunct_byname
collate facets
collate	collate_byname
time facets
time_get time_put	time_get_byname time_put_byname
monetary facets
money_get money_put	moneypunct moneypunct_byname
messages facets
messages	messages_byname

Character classification and conversion
Character classification
isspace isblank (C++11) iscntrl	isupper islower isalpha	ispunct isdigit isxdigit	isalnum isprint isgraph

Character conversions

toupper

tolower

String and stream conversions

wstring_convert (C++11/17/26*)

wbuffer_convert (C++11/17/26*)

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text_encoding (C++26)

Unicode conversion facets

codecvt_utf8 (C++11/17/26*)

codecvt_utf16 (C++11/17/26*)

codecvt_utf8_utf16 (C++11/17/26*)

codecvt_mode (C++11/17/26*)

C library locales
LC_ALLLC_COLLATELC_CTYPELC_MONETARYLC_NUMERICLC_TIME	setlocale localeconv lconv

 

Defined in header <locale>
template< class CharT > CharT toupper( CharT ch, const locale& loc );

Converts the character ch to uppercase if possible, using the conversion rules specified by the given locale's std::ctype facet.

Parameters

ch	-	character
loc	-	locale

Return value

Returns the uppercase form of ch if one is listed in the locale, otherwise returns ch unchanged.

Notes

Only 1:1 character mapping can be performed by this function, e.g. the uppercase form of 'ß' is (with some exceptions) the two-character string "SS", which cannot be obtained by std::toupper.

Possible implementation

template<class CharT> CharT toupper(CharT ch, const std::locale& loc) { return std::use_facet<std::ctype<CharT>>(loc).toupper(ch); }

Example

Run this code

#include <cwctype>
#include <iostream>
#include <locale>
 
int main()
{
    wchar_t c = L'\u017f'; // Latin small letter Long S ('ſ')
 
    std::cout << std::hex << std::showbase;
 
    std::cout << "in the default locale, toupper(" << (std::wint_t)c << ") = "
              << (std::wint_t)std::toupper(c, std::locale()) << '\n';
 
    std::cout << "in Unicode locale, toupper(" << (std::wint_t)c << ") = "
              << (std::wint_t)std::toupper(c, std::locale("en_US.utf8")) << '\n';
}

Possible output:

in the default locale, toupper(0x17f) = 0x17f
in Unicode locale, toupper(0x17f) = 0x53

See also

tolower(std::locale)	converts a character to lowercase using the ctype facet of a locale (function template)
toupper	converts a character to uppercase (function)
towupper	converts a wide character to uppercase (function)