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Difference between revisions of "cpp/string/basic string/to string"

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | string‎ | basic string
m (→‎Example: fix output)
(→‎Example: +case where C++26 output is more precise (i.e. exceeds 6 decimal places), also +initializer_list header, which is needed for the for loop's initializer_list)
Line 90: Line 90:
 
int main()
 
int main()
 
{
 
{
−
     for (const double f : {23.43, 1e-9, 1e40, 1e-40, 123456789.0})
+
     for (const double f : {1.23456789555555, 23.43, 1e-9, 1e40, 1e-40, 123456789.0})
 
     {
 
     {
 
         std::cout << "to_string: " << std::to_string(f) << to_string_label << '\n';
 
         std::cout << "to_string: " << std::to_string(f) << to_string_label << '\n';
Line 105: Line 105:
 
|p=true
 
|p=true
 
|output=
 
|output=
 +
to_string: 1.234568 (pre C++26)
 +
printf:    1.234568
 +
format:    1.23456789555555
 +
std::cout: 1.23457
 +
 
to_string: 23.430000 (pre C++26)
 
to_string: 23.430000 (pre C++26)
 
printf:    23.430000
 
printf:    23.430000

Revision as of 02:30, 16 May 2024

 
C++
 
Strings library
 
std::basic_string
Member functions
(C++23)
Element access
(DR*)
(DR*)
(C++17)
Iterators
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
(C++11)
Capacity
(DR*)
Modifiers
(C++23)
(DR*)
(C++23)
(C++23)
(C++23)  
Search
Operations
(C++20)
(C++20)
(C++23)
Constants
Non-member functions
(C++20)(C++20)
I/O
Comparison
(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(until C++20)(C++20)
Numeric conversions
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
(C++11)(C++11)
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
to_string
(C++11)
(C++11)
Literals
(C++14)
Helper classes
(C++11)
Deduction guides (C++17)

 
Defined in header <string>
std::string to_string( int value );
 (1) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( long value );
 (2) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( long long value );
 (3) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( unsigned value );
 (4) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( unsigned long value );
 (5) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( unsigned long long value );
 (6) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( float value );
 (7) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( double value );
 (8) (since C++11)
std::string to_string( long double value );
 (9) (since C++11)

Converts a numeric value to std::string.

Let buf be an internal to the conversion functions buffer, sufficiently large to contain the result of conversion.

1) Converts a signed integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%d", value).
2) Converts a signed integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%ld", value).
3) Converts a signed integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%lld", value).
4) Converts an unsigned integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%u", value).
5) Converts an unsigned integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%lu", value).
6) Converts an unsigned integer to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%llu", value).
7,8) Converts a floating point value to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%f", value).
9) Converts a floating point value to a string as if by std::sprintf(buf, "%Lf", value).
(until C++26)
1-9) Converts a numeric value to a string as if by std::format("{}", value).
(since C++26)

Contents

Parameters

value - a numeric value to convert

Return value

A string holding the converted value.

Exceptions

May throw std::bad_alloc from the std::string constructor.

Notes

  • With floating point types std::to_string may yield unexpected results as the number of significant digits in the returned string can be zero, see the example.
  • The return value may differ significantly from what std::cout prints by default, see the example.
  • std::to_string relies on the current C locale for formatting purposes, and therefore concurrent calls to std::to_string from multiple threads may result in partial serialization of calls.
    • The results of overloads for integer types do not rely on the current C locale, and thus implementations generally avoid access to the current C locale in these overloads for both correctness and performance. However, such avoidance is not guaranteed by the standard.
(until C++26)

C++17 provides std::to_chars as a higher-performance locale-independent alternative.

Feature-test macro Value Std Feature
__cpp_lib_to_string 202306L (C++26) Redefining std::to_string in terms of std::format

Example

Run this code
#include <cstdio>
#include <format>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
 
const char* const to_string_label =
#if __cpp_lib_to_string >= 202306L
    " (post C++26)";
#else
    " (pre C++26)";
#endif
 
int main()
{
    for (const double f : {1.23456789555555, 23.43, 1e-9, 1e40, 1e-40, 123456789.0})
    {
        std::cout << "to_string: " << std::to_string(f) << to_string_label << '\n';
 
        // Pre C++26 output
        std::printf("printf:    %f\n", f);
 
        // Post C++26 output
        std::cout << std::format("format:    {}\n", f);
 
        std::cout << "std::cout: " << f << "\n\n";
    }
}

Possible output: 

to_string: 1.234568 (pre C++26)
printf:    1.234568
format:    1.23456789555555
std::cout: 1.23457
 
to_string: 23.430000 (pre C++26)
printf:    23.430000
format:    23.43
std::cout: 23.43
 
to_string: 0.000000 (pre C++26)
printf:    0.000000
format:    1e-09
std::cout: 1e-09
 
to_string: 10000000000000000303786028427003666890752.000000 (pre C++26)
printf:    10000000000000000303786028427003666890752.000000
format:    1e+40
std::cout: 1e+40
 
to_string: 0.000000 (pre C++26)
printf:    0.000000
format:    1e-40
std::cout: 1e-40
 
to_string: 123456789.000000 (pre C++26)
printf:    123456789.000000
format:    123456789
std::cout: 1.23457e+08

See also

(C++11)
 converts an integral or floating-point value to wstring
(function) [edit]
(C++11)(C++11)
 converts a string to an unsigned integer
(function) [edit]
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
 converts a string to a signed integer
(function) [edit]
(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
 converts a string to a floating point value
(function) [edit]
(C++17)
 converts an integer or floating-point value to a character sequence
(function) [edit]
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