Difference between revisions of "c/string/byte"
From cppreference.com
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− | A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {{c|{'\x63','\x61','\x74','\0'}}} is an NTBS holding the string {{c|"cat"}} in ASCII encoding. | + | A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {{c|{'\x63','\x61','\x74','\0'}<!---->}} is an NTBS holding the string {{c|"cat"}} in {{lt|c/language/ascii|ASCII}} encoding. |
===Functions=== | ===Functions=== | ||
{{dsc begin}} | {{dsc begin}} | ||
− | {{dsc h2 | Character classification}} | + | {{dsc h2|Character classification}} |
− | {{dsc header | ctype.h}} | + | {{dsc header|ctype.h}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isalnum}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isalnum}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isalpha}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isalpha}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc islower}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc islower}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isupper}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isupper}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isdigit}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isdigit}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isxdigit}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isxdigit}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc iscntrl}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc iscntrl}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isgraph}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isgraph}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isspace}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isspace}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isblank}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isblank}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc isprint}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc isprint}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc ispunct}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc ispunct}} |
− | {{dsc h2 | Character manipulation}} | + | {{dsc h2|Character manipulation}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc tolower}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc tolower}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc toupper}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc toupper}} |
{{dsc end}} | {{dsc end}} | ||
Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
{{dsc begin}} | {{dsc begin}} | ||
− | {{dsc h2 | Conversions to numeric formats}} | + | {{dsc h2|Conversions to and from numeric formats}} |
− | {{dsc header | stdlib.h}} | + | {{dsc header|stdlib.h}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc atof}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc atof}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc atoi}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc atoi}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strtol}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtol}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strtoul}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtoul}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strtof}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtof}} |
− | {{dsc header | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strfromf}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strtoimax}} | + | {{dsc header|inttypes.h}} |
+ | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtoimax}} | ||
− | {{dsc h2 | String manipulation}} | + | {{dsc h2|String manipulation}} |
− | {{dsc header | string.h}} | + | {{dsc header|string.h}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strcpy}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcpy}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strncpy}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strncpy}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strcat}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcat}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strncat}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strncat}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strxfrm}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strxfrm}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strdup}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strdup}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strndup}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strndup}} |
− | {{dsc h2 | String examination}} | + | {{dsc h2|String examination}} |
− | {{dsc header | string.h}} | + | {{dsc header|string.h}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strlen}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strlen}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strcmp}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcmp}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strncmp}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strncmp}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strcoll}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcoll}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strchr}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strchr}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strrchr}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strrchr}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strspn}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strspn}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strcspn}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strcspn}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strpbrk}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strpbrk}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strstr}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strstr}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strtok}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strtok}} |
− | {{dsc h2 | Character array manipulation}} | + | {{dsc h2|Character array manipulation}} |
− | {{dsc header | string.h}} | + | {{dsc header|string.h}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc memchr}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memchr}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc memcmp}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memcmp}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc memset}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memset}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc memcpy}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memcpy}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc memmove}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memmove}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc memccpy}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc memccpy}} |
− | {{dsc h2 | Miscellaneous}} | + | {{dsc h2|Miscellaneous}} |
− | {{dsc header | string.h}} | + | {{dsc header|string.h}} |
− | {{dsc inc | c/string/byte/dsc strerror}} | + | {{dsc inc|c/string/byte/dsc strerror}} |
{{dsc end}} | {{dsc end}} | ||
===References=== | ===References=== | ||
+ | {{ref std c23}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.22|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.24|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.5|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.12|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.13|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=K.3.6|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=K.3.7|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std end}} | ||
+ | {{ref std c17}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.22|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.24|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.5|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.12|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=7.31.13|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=K.3.6|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std|section=K.3.7|title=String handling <string.h>|p=TBD}} | ||
+ | {{ref std end}} | ||
{{ref std c11}} | {{ref std c11}} | ||
− | {{ref std | section=7.4 | + | {{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=200-204}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.8 | + | {{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=217-220}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.22 | + | {{ref std|section=7.22|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=340-360}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.24 | + | {{ref std|section=7.24|title=String handling <string.h>|p=362-372}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.31.2 | + | {{ref std|section=7.31.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=455}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.31.5 | + | {{ref std|section=7.31.5|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=455}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.31.12 | title=General utilities <stdlib.h> | p=456}} | + | {{ref std|section=7.31.12|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=456}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.31.13 | title=String handling <string.h> | + | {{ref std|section=7.31.13|title=String handling <string.h>|p=456}} |
− | {{ref std | section=K.3.6 | + | {{ref std|section=K.3.6|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=604-613}} |
− | {{ref std | section=K.3.7 | + | {{ref std|section=K.3.7|title=String handling <string.h>|p=614-623}} |
+ | {{ref std end}} | ||
{{ref std c99}} | {{ref std c99}} | ||
− | {{ref std | section=7.4 | + | {{ref std|section=7.4|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=181-185}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.8 | + | {{ref std|section=7.8|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=198-201}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.20 | + | {{ref std|section=7.20|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=306-324}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.21 | + | {{ref std|section=7.21|title=String handling <string.h>|p=325-334}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.26.2 | + | {{ref std|section=7.26.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>|p=401}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.26.4 | + | {{ref std|section=7.26.4|title=Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h>|p=401}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.26.10 | title=General utilities <stdlib.h> | p=402}} | + | {{ref std|section=7.26.10|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>|p=402}} |
− | {{ref std | section=7.26.11 | title=String handling <string.h> | + | {{ref std|section=7.26.11|title=String handling <string.h>|p=402}} |
+ | {{ref std end}} | ||
{{ref std c89}} | {{ref std c89}} | ||
− | {{ref std | section=4.3 | + | {{ref std|section=4.3|title=CHARACTER HANDLING <ctype.h>}} |
− | {{ref std | section=4.10 | + | {{ref std|section=4.10|title=GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>}} |
− | {{ref std | section=4.11 | + | {{ref std|section=4.11|title=STRING HANDLING <string.h>}} |
− | {{ref std | section=4.13.2 | title=Character handling <ctype.h>}} | + | {{ref std|section=4.13.2|title=Character handling <ctype.h>}} |
− | {{ref std | section=4.13.7 | title=General utilities <stdlib.h>}} | + | {{ref std|section=4.13.7|title=General utilities <stdlib.h>}} |
− | {{ref std | section=4.13.8 | title=String handling <string.h>}} | + | {{ref std|section=4.13.8|title=String handling <string.h>}} |
{{ref std end}} | {{ref std end}} | ||
===See also=== | ===See also=== | ||
{{dsc begin}} | {{dsc begin}} | ||
− | {{dsc see cpp | cpp/string/byte | Null-terminated byte strings}} | + | {{dsc see cpp|cpp/string/byte|{{tt|Null}}-terminated byte strings|nomono=true}} |
{{dsc end}} | {{dsc end}} | ||
− | + | {{langlinks|ar|cs|de|es|fr|it|ja|ko|pl|pt|ru|tr|zh}} | |
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
− | + | ||
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Latest revision as of 10:15, 7 October 2024
A null-terminated byte string (NTBS) is a sequence of nonzero bytes followed by a byte with value zero (the terminating null character). Each byte in a byte string encodes one character of some character set. For example, the character array {'\x63','\x61','\x74','\0'} is an NTBS holding the string "cat" in ASCII encoding.
Contents |
[edit] Functions
Character classification | |
Defined in header
<ctype.h> | |
checks if a character is alphanumeric (function) | |
checks if a character is alphabetic (function) | |
checks if a character is lowercase (function) | |
checks if a character is an uppercase character (function) | |
checks if a character is a digit (function) | |
checks if a character is a hexadecimal character (function) | |
checks if a character is a control character (function) | |
checks if a character is a graphical character (function) | |
checks if a character is a space character (function) | |
(C99) |
checks if a character is a blank character (function) |
checks if a character is a printing character (function) | |
checks if a character is a punctuation character (function) | |
Character manipulation | |
converts a character to lowercase (function) | |
converts a character to uppercase (function) |
Note: additional functions whose names begin with either to
or is
, followed by a lowercase letter, may be added to the header ctype.h
in future and should not be defined by programs that include that header.
ASCII values | characters | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
decimal | hexadecimal | octal | |||||||||||||
0–8 | \x0 –\x8
|
\0 –\10
|
control codes (NUL , etc.)
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
9 | \x9
|
\11
|
tab (\t )
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
10–13 | \xA –\xD
|
\12 –\15
|
whitespaces (\n , \v , \f , \r )
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
14–31 | \xE –\x1F
|
\16 –\37
|
control codes | ≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
32 | \x20
|
\40
|
space | 0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
33–47 | \x21 –\x2F
|
\41 –\57
|
!"#$%&'()*+,-./
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
48–57 | \x30 –\x39
|
\60 –\71
|
0123456789
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
58–64 | \x3A –\x40
|
\72 –\100
|
:;<=>?@
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
65–70 | \x41 –\x46
|
\101 –\106
|
ABCDEF
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
71–90 | \x47 –\x5A
|
\107 –\132
|
GHIJKLMNOP QRSTUVWXYZ
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
91–96 | \x5B –\x60
|
\133 –\140
|
[\]^_`
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
97–102 | \x61 –\x66
|
\141 –\146
|
abcdef
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
103–122 | \x67 –\x7A
|
\147 –\172
|
ghijklmnop qrstuvwxyz
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
123–126 | \x7B –\x7E
|
\173 –\176
|
{|}~
|
0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
≠0
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
127 | \x7F
|
\177
|
backspace character (DEL )
|
≠0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Conversions to and from numeric formats | |
Defined in header
<stdlib.h> | |
converts a byte string to a floating-point value (function) | |
(C99) |
converts a byte string to an integer value (function) |
(C99) |
converts a byte string to an integer value (function) |
(C99) |
converts a byte string to an unsigned integer value (function) |
(C99)(C99) |
converts a byte string to a floating-point value (function) |
(C23)(C23)(C23) |
converts a floating-point value to a byte string (function) |
Defined in header
<inttypes.h> | |
(C99)(C99) |
converts a byte string to intmax_t or uintmax_t (function) |
String manipulation | |
Defined in header
<string.h> | |
(C11) |
copies one string to another (function) |
(C11) |
copies a certain amount of characters from one string to another (function) |
(C11) |
concatenates two strings (function) |
(C11) |
concatenates a certain amount of characters of two strings (function) |
transform a string so that strcmp would produce the same result as strcoll (function) | |
(C23) |
allocates a copy of a string (function) |
(C23) |
allocates a copy of a string of specified size (function) |
String examination | |
Defined in header
<string.h> | |
(C11) |
returns the length of a given string (function) |
compares two strings (function) | |
compares a certain amount of characters of two strings (function) | |
compares two strings in accordance to the current locale (function) | |
finds the first occurrence of a character (function) | |
finds the last occurrence of a character (function) | |
returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists of only the characters found in another byte string (function) | |
returns the length of the maximum initial segment that consists of only the characters not found in another byte string (function) | |
finds the first location of any character in one string, in another string (function) | |
finds the first occurrence of a substring of characters (function) | |
(C11) |
finds the next token in a byte string (function) |
Character array manipulation | |
Defined in header
<string.h> | |
searches an array for the first occurrence of a character (function) | |
compares two buffers (function) | |
(C23)(C11) |
fills a buffer with a character (function) |
(C11) |
copies one buffer to another (function) |
(C11) |
moves one buffer to another (function) |
(C23) |
copies one buffer to another, stopping after the specified delimiter (function) |
Miscellaneous | |
Defined in header
<string.h> | |
(C11)(C11) |
returns a text version of a given error code (function) |
[edit] References
- C23 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2024):
- 7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.24 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.13 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)
- K.3.6 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
- K.3.7 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)
- C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
- 7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.24 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
- 7.31.13 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)
- K.3.6 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: TBD)
- K.3.7 String handling <string.h> (p: TBD)
- C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
- 7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 200-204)
- 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 217-220)
- 7.22 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 340-360)
- 7.24 String handling <string.h> (p: 362-372)
- 7.31.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 455)
- 7.31.5 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 455)
- 7.31.12 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 456)
- 7.31.13 String handling <string.h> (p: 456)
- K.3.6 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 604-613)
- K.3.7 String handling <string.h> (p: 614-623)
- C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
- 7.4 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 181-185)
- 7.8 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 198-201)
- 7.20 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 306-324)
- 7.21 String handling <string.h> (p: 325-334)
- 7.26.2 Character handling <ctype.h> (p: 401)
- 7.26.4 Format conversion of integer types <inttypes.h> (p: 401)
- 7.26.10 General utilities <stdlib.h> (p: 402)
- 7.26.11 String handling <string.h> (p: 402)
- C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
- 4.3 CHARACTER HANDLING <ctype.h>
- 4.10 GENERAL UTILITIES <stdlib.h>
- 4.11 STRING HANDLING <string.h>
- 4.13.2 Character handling <ctype.h>
- 4.13.7 General utilities <stdlib.h>
- 4.13.8 String handling <string.h>
[edit] See also
C++ documentation for
Null -terminated byte strings |