std::chrono::duration

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Utilities library

Language support Type support (basic types, RTTI) Library feature-test macros (C++20) Dynamic memory management Program utilities Coroutine support (C++20) Variadic functions is_constant_evaluated (C++20) is_within_lifetime (C++26) initializer_list (C++11) source_location (C++20) Three-way comparison three_way_comparablethree_way_comparable_with (C++20)(C++20) strong_ordering (C++20) weak_ordering (C++20) partial_ordering (C++20) common_comparison_category (C++20) compare_three_way_result (C++20) compare_three_way (C++20) strong_order (C++20) weak_order (C++20) partial_order (C++20) compare_strong_order_fallback (C++20) compare_weak_order_fallback (C++20) compare_partial_order_fallback (C++20)   is_eqis_ltis_lteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   is_neqis_gtis_gteq (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)

General utilities Date and time Function objects Formatting library (C++20)   bitset hash (C++11) Relational operators (deprecated in C++20) rel_ops::operator!=rel_ops::operator>    rel_ops::operator<=rel_ops::operator>= Integer comparison functions cmp_equalcmp_lesscmp_less_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   cmp_not_equalcmp_greatercmp_greater_than (C++20)(C++20)(C++20) in_range (C++20) Swap and type operations swap ranges::swap (C++20) exchange (C++14) declval (C++11) to_underlying (C++23) forward (C++11) forward_like (C++23) move (C++11) move_if_noexcept (C++11) as_const (C++17) Common vocabulary types pair tuple (C++11) optional (C++17) any (C++17) variant (C++17) tuple_size (C++11) tuple_element (C++11) apply (C++17) make_from_tuple (C++17) expected (C++23) Elementary string conversions to_chars (C++17) from_chars (C++17) chars_format (C++17) to_chars_result (C++17) from_chars_result (C++17)

 

Date and time utilities

Time point
time_point (C++11)	clock_time_conversion (C++20)	clock_cast (C++20)
Duration
duration (C++11)
Clocks
system_clock (C++11) steady_clock (C++11) is_clock (C++20)	utc_clock (C++20) tai_clock (C++20) high_resolution_clock (C++11)	gps_clock (C++20) file_clock (C++20) local_t (C++20)
Time of day
is_amis_pm (C++20)(C++20)	make12make24 (C++20)(C++20)	hh_mm_ss (C++20)
Calendar
day (C++20) month (C++20) year (C++20) weekday (C++20) operator/ (C++20) year_month_day (C++20)	year_month_day_last (C++20) year_month_weekday (C++20) year_month_weekday_last (C++20)   weekday_indexed (C++20) weekday_last (C++20) month_day (C++20)	month_day_last (C++20) month_weekday (C++20) month_weekday_last (C++20) year_month (C++20) last_speclast (C++20)(C++20)
Time zone
tzdb (C++20) tzdb_list (C++20) get_tzdbget_tzdb_listreload_tzdbremote_version (C++20)(C++20)(C++20)(C++20)   sys_info (C++20)	local_info (C++20) nonexistent_local_time (C++20) ambiguous_local_time (C++20) locate_zone (C++20) current_zone (C++20) time_zone (C++20) choose (C++20)	zoned_traits (C++20) zoned_time (C++20) time_zone_link (C++20) leap_second (C++20) leap_second_info (C++20) get_leap_second_info (C++20)
chrono I/O
parse (C++20)
C-style date and time

 

std::chrono::duration

Member functions
duration::duration duration::operator= duration::count duration::zero duration::min duration::max duration::operator+duration::operator-	duration::operator++duration::operator-- duration::operator+=duration::operator-=duration::operator*=duration::operator/=duration::operator%=
Non-member functions
operator+operator-operator*operator/operator% operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (until C++20)(C++20) operator<< (C++20)	duration_cast floor (C++17) ceil (C++17) round (C++17) abs (C++17) operator""h (C++14) operator""min (C++14) operator""s (C++14) operator""ms (C++14) operator""us (C++14) operator""ns (C++14) from_stream (C++20)
Helper classes
common_type treat_as_floating_point      duration_values	formatter<std::chrono::duration> (C++20) hash<std::chrono::duration> (C++26)

 

Defined in header <chrono>
template<     class Rep,     class Period = std::ratio<1> > class duration;		(since C++11)

Class template std::chrono::duration represents a time interval.

It consists of a count of ticks of type Rep and a tick period, where the tick period is a compile-time rational constant representing the number of seconds from one tick to the next.

The only data stored in a duration is a tick count of type Rep. If Rep is floating point, then the duration can represent fractions of ticks. Period is included as part of the duration's type, and is only used when converting between different durations.

Member types

Member type	Definition
rep	Rep, an arithmetic type representing the number of ticks
period	Period, a std::ratio representing the tick period (i.e. the number of seconds per tick)

Member functions

(constructor)	constructs new duration (public member function)
operator=	assigns the contents (public member function)
count	returns the count of ticks (public member function)
zero [static]	returns the special duration value zero (public static member function)
min [static]	returns the special duration value min (public static member function)
max [static]	returns the special duration value max (public static member function)
operator+operator-	implements unary + and unary - (public member function)
operator++operator++(int)operator--operator--(int)	increments or decrements the tick count (public member function)
operator+=operator-=operator*=operator/=operator%=	implements compound assignment between two durations (public member function)

Non-member functions

std::common_type<std::chrono::duration> (C++11)	specializes the std::common_type trait (class template specialization)
operator+operator-operator*operator/operator% (C++11)	implements arithmetic operations with durations as arguments (function template)
operator==operator!=operator<operator<=operator>operator>=operator<=> (C++11)(C++11)(removed in C++20)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++20)	compares two durations (function template)
duration_cast (C++11)	converts a duration to another, with a different tick interval (function template)
floor(std::chrono::duration) (C++17)	converts a duration to another, rounding down (function template)
ceil(std::chrono::duration) (C++17)	converts a duration to another, rounding up (function template)
round(std::chrono::duration) (C++17)	converts a duration to another, rounding to nearest, ties to even (function template)
abs(std::chrono::duration) (C++17)	obtains the absolute value of the duration (function template)

Helper types

Type	Definition
std::chrono::nanoseconds	duration</*signed integer type of at least 64 bits*/, std::nano>
std::chrono::microseconds	duration</*signed integer type of at least 55 bits*/, std::micro>
std::chrono::milliseconds	duration</*signed integer type of at least 45 bits*/, std::milli>
std::chrono::seconds	duration</*signed integer type of at least 35 bits*/>
std::chrono::minutes	duration</*signed integer type of at least 29 bits*/, std::ratio<60>>
std::chrono::hours	duration</*signed integer type of at least 23 bits*/, std::ratio<3600>>

Note: each of the predefined duration types covers a range of at least ±292 years.

Helper classes

treat_as_floating_point	indicates that a duration is convertible to duration with different tick period (class template)
duration_values	constructs zero, min, and max values of a tick count of given type (class template)

Literals

Defined in inline namespace std::literals::chrono_literals
operator""h (C++14)	a std::chrono::duration literal representing hours (function)
operator""min (C++14)	a std::chrono::duration literal representing minutes (function)
operator""s (C++14)	a std::chrono::duration literal representing seconds (function)
operator""ms (C++14)	a std::chrono::duration literal representing milliseconds (function)
operator""us (C++14)	a std::chrono::duration literal representing microseconds (function)
operator""ns (C++14)	a std::chrono::duration literal representing nanoseconds (function)

Example

This example shows how to define several custom duration types and convert between types:

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>
 
int main()
{
    using shakes = std::chrono::duration<int, std::ratio<1, 100000000>>;
    using jiffies = std::chrono::duration<int, std::centi>;
    using microfortnights = std::chrono::duration<float, std::ratio<12096,10000>>;
    using nanocenturies = std::chrono::duration<float, std::ratio<3155,1000>>;
 
    std::chrono::seconds sec(1);
 
    std::cout << "1 second is:\n";
 
    // integer scale conversion with no precision loss: no cast
    std::cout << std::chrono::microseconds(sec).count() << " microseconds\n"
              << shakes(sec).count() << " shakes\n"
              << jiffies(sec).count() << " jiffies\n";
 
    // integer scale conversion with precision loss: requires a cast
    std::cout << std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::minutes>(sec).count()
              << " minutes\n";
 
    // floating-point scale conversion: no cast
    std::cout << microfortnights(sec).count() << " microfortnights\n"
              << nanocenturies(sec).count() << " nanocenturies\n";
}

Output:

1 second is:
1000000 microseconds
100000000 shakes
100 jiffies
0 minutes
0.82672 microfortnights
0.316957 nanocenturies