Difference between revisions of "cpp/memory/shared ptr/pointer cast"
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< cpp | memory | shared ptr
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Andreas Krug (Talk | contribs) m ({{c}}, @-@ -> @,@) |
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| − | {{cpp/title | static_pointer_cast | dynamic_pointer_cast | const_pointer_cast | reinterpret_pointer_cast}} | + | {{cpp/title|static_pointer_cast|dynamic_pointer_cast|const_pointer_cast|reinterpret_pointer_cast}} |
{{cpp/memory/shared_ptr/navbar}} | {{cpp/memory/shared_ptr/navbar}} | ||
{{dcl begin}} | {{dcl begin}} | ||
| − | {{dcl header | memory}} | + | {{dcl header|memory}} |
| − | {{ | + | {{dcla|num=1|since=c++11|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{dcl | num=2 | since=c++20 | 1= | + | {{dcl|num=2|since=c++20|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{dcla|num=3|since=c++11|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{dcl | num=4 | since=c++20 | 1= | + | {{dcl|num=4|since=c++20|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{dcla|num=5|since=c++11|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{dcl | num=6 | since=c++20 | 1= | + | {{dcl|num=6|since=c++20|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{ | + | {{dcla|num=7|since=c++17|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
| − | {{dcl | num=8 | since=c++20 | 1= | + | {{dcl|num=8|since=c++20|1= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template< class T, class U > |
std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; | ||
}} | }} | ||
{{dcl end}} | {{dcl end}} | ||
| − | Creates a new instance of {{lc|std::shared_ptr}} whose stored pointer is obtained from {{ | + | Creates a new instance of {{lc|std::shared_ptr}} whose stored pointer is obtained from {{c|r}}'s stored pointer using a cast expression. |
| − | Otherwise, the new {{tt|shared_ptr}} will share ownership with the initial value of {{ | + | If {{c|r}} is empty, so is the new {{tt|shared_ptr}} (but its stored pointer is not necessarily null). Otherwise, the new {{tt|shared_ptr}} will share ownership with the initial value of {{c|r}}, except that it is empty if the {{tt|dynamic_cast}} performed by {{tt|dynamic_pointer_cast}} returns a null pointer. |
Let {{tt|Y}} be {{c|typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type}}, then the resulting {{lc|std::shared_ptr}}'s stored pointer will be obtained by evaluating, respectively: | Let {{tt|Y}} be {{c|typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type}}, then the resulting {{lc|std::shared_ptr}}'s stored pointer will be obtained by evaluating, respectively: | ||
| − | @1 | + | @1,2@ {{c|static_cast<Y*>(r.get())}} |
| − | @3 | + | @3,4@ {{c|dynamic_cast<Y*>(r.get())}}. If the result of the {{tt|dynamic_cast}} is a null pointer value, the returned {{tt|shared_ptr}} will be empty. |
| − | @5 | + | @5,6@ {{c|const_cast<Y*>(r.get())}} |
| − | @7 | + | @7,8@ {{c|reinterpret_cast<Y*>(r.get())}} |
The behavior of these functions is undefined unless the corresponding cast from {{tt|U*}} to {{tt|T*}} is well formed: | The behavior of these functions is undefined unless the corresponding cast from {{tt|U*}} to {{tt|T*}} is well formed: | ||
| − | @1 | + | @1,2@ The behavior is undefined unless {{c|static_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr)}} is well formed. |
| − | @3 | + | @3,4@ The behavior is undefined unless {{c|dynamic_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr)}} is well formed. |
| − | @5 | + | @5,6@ The behavior is undefined unless {{c|const_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr)}} is well formed. |
| − | @7 | + | @7,8@ The behavior is undefined unless {{c|reinterpret_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr)}} is well formed. |
{{rrev|since=c++20| | {{rrev|since=c++20| | ||
| − | After calling the rvalue overloads {{v|2,4,6,8}}, {{ | + | After calling the rvalue overloads {{v|2,4,6,8}}, {{c|r}} is empty and {{c|r.get() {{==}} nullptr}}, except that {{c|r}} is not modified for {{tt|dynamic_pointer_cast}} {{v|4}} if the {{c|dynamic_cast}} fails. |
}} | }} | ||
| + | |||
===Parameters=== | ===Parameters=== | ||
{{par begin}} | {{par begin}} | ||
| − | {{par | r | | + | {{par|r|the pointer to convert}} |
{{par end}} | {{par end}} | ||
| Line 66: | Line 67: | ||
===Possible implementation=== | ===Possible implementation=== | ||
| − | {{eq | + | {{eq impl |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | |title1=static_pointer_cast|ver1=1|1= |
| − | std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept | + | template<class T, class U> |
| + | std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept | ||
{ | { | ||
auto p = static_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); | auto p = static_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); | ||
| − | return std::shared_ptr<T> | + | return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; |
} | } | ||
| − | |2= | + | |title2=dynamic_pointer_cast|ver2=3|2= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template<class T, class U> |
| − | std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept | + | std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept |
{ | { | ||
| − | if (auto p = dynamic_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get())) | + | if (auto p = dynamic_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get())) |
| − | return std::shared_ptr<T> | + | return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; |
| − | + | else | |
| − | return std::shared_ptr<T> | + | return std::shared_ptr<T>{}; |
| − | + | ||
} | } | ||
| − | |3= | + | |title3=const_pointer_cast|ver3=5|3= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template<class T, class U> |
| − | std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept | + | std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept |
{ | { | ||
auto p = const_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); | auto p = const_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); | ||
| − | return std::shared_ptr<T> | + | return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; |
} | } | ||
| − | |4= | + | |title4=reinterpret_pointer_cast|ver4=7|4= |
| − | template< class T, class U > | + | template<class T, class U> |
| − | std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept | + | std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept |
{ | { | ||
auto p = reinterpret_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); | auto p = reinterpret_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); | ||
| − | return std::shared_ptr<T> | + | return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; |
} | } | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 101: | Line 102: | ||
===Example=== | ===Example=== | ||
{{example | {{example | ||
| − | + | |code= | |
| − | + | ||
#include <iostream> | #include <iostream> | ||
#include <memory> | #include <memory> | ||
| − | + | class Base | |
| − | { | + | { |
| − | int a; | + | public: |
| − | virtual void f() const { std::cout << "I am base!\n";} | + | int a; |
| − | virtual ~Base(){} | + | virtual void f() const { std::cout << "I am base!\n"; } |
| + | virtual ~Base() {} | ||
}; | }; | ||
| − | + | class Derived : public Base | |
{ | { | ||
| − | void f() const override | + | public: |
| − | + | void f() const override { std::cout << "I am derived!\n"; } | |
| − | ~Derived(){} | + | ~Derived() {} |
}; | }; | ||
| − | int main(){ | + | int main() |
| + | { | ||
auto basePtr = std::make_shared<Base>(); | auto basePtr = std::make_shared<Base>(); | ||
std::cout << "Base pointer says: "; | std::cout << "Base pointer says: "; | ||
| Line 136: | Line 138: | ||
// dynamic_pointer_cast to go down/across class hierarchy | // dynamic_pointer_cast to go down/across class hierarchy | ||
auto downcastedPtr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Derived>(basePtr); | auto downcastedPtr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Derived>(basePtr); | ||
| − | if(downcastedPtr) | + | if (downcastedPtr) |
| − | { | + | { |
std::cout << "Downcasted pointer says: "; | std::cout << "Downcasted pointer says: "; | ||
| − | downcastedPtr->f(); | + | downcastedPtr->f(); |
} | } | ||
// All pointers to derived share ownership | // All pointers to derived share ownership | ||
| − | std::cout << "Pointers to underlying derived: " | + | std::cout << "Pointers to underlying derived: " |
| − | + | << derivedPtr.use_count() | |
| − | + | << '\n'; | |
} | } | ||
| − | + | |output= | |
| − | + | ||
Base pointer says: I am base! | Base pointer says: I am base! | ||
Derived pointer says: I am derived! | Derived pointer says: I am derived! | ||
| Line 158: | Line 159: | ||
===See also=== | ===See also=== | ||
{{dsc begin}} | {{dsc begin}} | ||
| − | {{dsc inc | cpp/memory/shared_ptr/dsc constructor}} | + | {{dsc inc|cpp/memory/shared_ptr/dsc constructor}} |
{{dsc end}} | {{dsc end}} | ||
{{langlinks|de|es|fr|it|ja|pt|ru|zh}} | {{langlinks|de|es|fr|it|ja|pt|ru|zh}} | ||
Latest revision as of 06:58, 7 October 2023
| Defined in header <memory>
|
||
template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; |
(1) | (since C++11) |
| template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; |
(2) | (since C++20) |
template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; |
(3) | (since C++11) |
| template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; |
(4) | (since C++20) |
template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; |
(5) | (since C++11) |
| template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; |
(6) | (since C++20) |
template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( const std::shared_ptr<U>& r ) noexcept; |
(7) | (since C++17) |
| template< class T, class U > std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast( std::shared_ptr<U>&& r ) noexcept; |
(8) | (since C++20) |
Creates a new instance of std::shared_ptr whose stored pointer is obtained from r's stored pointer using a cast expression.
If r is empty, so is the new shared_ptr (but its stored pointer is not necessarily null). Otherwise, the new shared_ptr will share ownership with the initial value of r, except that it is empty if the dynamic_cast performed by dynamic_pointer_cast returns a null pointer.
Let Y be typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type, then the resulting std::shared_ptr's stored pointer will be obtained by evaluating, respectively:
1,2) static_cast<Y*>(r.get())
3,4) dynamic_cast<Y*>(r.get()). If the result of the
dynamic_cast is a null pointer value, the returned shared_ptr will be empty.5,6) const_cast<Y*>(r.get())
7,8) reinterpret_cast<Y*>(r.get())
The behavior of these functions is undefined unless the corresponding cast from U* to T* is well formed:
1,2) The behavior is undefined unless static_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.
3,4) The behavior is undefined unless dynamic_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.
5,6) The behavior is undefined unless const_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.
7,8) The behavior is undefined unless reinterpret_cast<T*>((U*)nullptr) is well formed.
|
After calling the rvalue overloads (2,4,6,8), r is empty and r.get() == nullptr, except that r is not modified for |
(since C++20) |
Contents |
[edit] Parameters
| r | - | the pointer to convert |
[edit] Notes
The expressions std::shared_ptr<T>(static_cast<T*>(r.get())), std::shared_ptr<T>(dynamic_cast<T*>(r.get())) and std::shared_ptr<T>(const_cast<T*>(r.get())) might seem to have the same effect, but they all will likely result in undefined behavior, attempting to delete the same object twice!
[edit] Possible implementation
| static_pointer_cast |
|---|
template<class T, class U> std::shared_ptr<T> static_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept { auto p = static_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; } |
| dynamic_pointer_cast |
template<class T, class U> std::shared_ptr<T> dynamic_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept { if (auto p = dynamic_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get())) return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; else return std::shared_ptr<T>{}; } |
| const_pointer_cast |
template<class T, class U> std::shared_ptr<T> const_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept { auto p = const_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; } |
| reinterpret_pointer_cast |
template<class T, class U> std::shared_ptr<T> reinterpret_pointer_cast(const std::shared_ptr<U>& r) noexcept { auto p = reinterpret_cast<typename std::shared_ptr<T>::element_type*>(r.get()); return std::shared_ptr<T>{r, p}; } |
[edit] Example
Run this code
#include <iostream> #include <memory> class Base { public: int a; virtual void f() const { std::cout << "I am base!\n"; } virtual ~Base() {} }; class Derived : public Base { public: void f() const override { std::cout << "I am derived!\n"; } ~Derived() {} }; int main() { auto basePtr = std::make_shared<Base>(); std::cout << "Base pointer says: "; basePtr->f(); auto derivedPtr = std::make_shared<Derived>(); std::cout << "Derived pointer says: "; derivedPtr->f(); // static_pointer_cast to go up class hierarchy basePtr = std::static_pointer_cast<Base>(derivedPtr); std::cout << "Base pointer to derived says: "; basePtr->f(); // dynamic_pointer_cast to go down/across class hierarchy auto downcastedPtr = std::dynamic_pointer_cast<Derived>(basePtr); if (downcastedPtr) { std::cout << "Downcasted pointer says: "; downcastedPtr->f(); } // All pointers to derived share ownership std::cout << "Pointers to underlying derived: " << derivedPtr.use_count() << '\n'; }
Output:
Base pointer says: I am base! Derived pointer says: I am derived! Base pointer to derived says: I am derived! Downcasted pointer says: I am derived! Pointers to underlying derived: 3
[edit] See also
constructs new shared_ptr (public member function) |
