std::ranges::empty

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Ranges library

Range access begin cbegin   end cend rbegin crbegin   rend crend size ssize   data cdata empty

Range conversions std::from_range_t std::from_range (C++23)(C++23)     to (C++23)

Dangling iterator handling dangling borrowed_iterator_t borrowed_subrange_t

Range primitives
range_size_trange_difference_trange_value_t elements_of (C++23)	iterator_tconst_iterator_tsentinel_tconst_sentinel_t (C++23)(C++23)	range_reference_trange_const_reference_trange_rvalue_reference_trange_common_reference_t (C++23)

Range concepts
range borrowed_range    sized_range	common_range view viewable_range	input_range output_range forward_range	bidirectional_range    random_access_range contiguous_range	constant_range (C++23)

Views
view_interface	subrange

Range factories
empty_viewviews::empty	single_viewviews::single	basic_istream_viewviews::istream	iota_viewviews::iota	repeat_viewviews::repeat (C++23)(C++23)

Range adaptors
views::all_tviews::all ref_view owning_view as_rvalue_viewviews::as_rvalue (C++23)(C++23)   filter_viewviews::filter transform_viewviews::transform take_viewviews::take take_while_viewviews::take_while concat_viewviews::concat (C++26)(C++26)	drop_viewviews::drop drop_while_viewviews::drop_while join_viewviews::join join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)(C++23)   lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split split_viewviews::split views::counted common_viewviews::common	reverse_viewviews::reverse as_const_viewviews::as_const (C++23)(C++23) elements_viewviews::elements keys_viewviews::keys values_viewviews::values enumerate_viewviews::enumerate (C++23)(C++23) zip_viewviews::zip (C++23)(C++23) zip_transform_viewviews::zip_transform (C++23)(C++23)	adjacent_viewviews::adjacent (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise (C++23) adjacent_transform_viewviews::adjacent_transform (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise_transform (C++23) chunk_viewviews::chunk (C++23)(C++23) slide_viewviews::slide (C++23)(C++23) chunk_by_viewviews::chunk_by (C++23)(C++23) stride_viewviews::stride (C++23)(C++23) cartesian_product_viewviews::cartesian_product (C++23)(C++23)

Range generators std::generator (C++23)

Range adaptor closure objects range_adaptor_closure (C++23)

Range adaptor objects

Helper items
copyable-box movable-box (until C++23)  (C++23)	simple-view non-propagating-cache

 

Defined in header <ranges>
inline namespace /*unspecified*/ {     inline constexpr auto empty = /*unspecified*/; }		(since C++20) (customization point object)
Call signature
template< class T >     requires /* see below */ constexpr bool empty(T&& t);

Determines whether or not t has any elements.

A call to ranges::empty is expression-equivalent to:

1. bool(t.empty()), if that expression is valid.
2. Otherwise, (ranges::size(t) == 0), if that expression is valid.
3. Otherwise, bool(ranges::begin(t) == ranges::end(t)), if that expression is valid and decltype(ranges::begin(t)) models std::forward_iterator.

In all other cases, a call to ranges::empty is ill-formed, which can result in substitution failure when ranges::empty(t) appears in the immediate context of a template instantiation.

Expression-equivalent

Expression e is expression-equivalent to expression f, if

• e and f have the same effects, and
• either both are constant subexpressions or else neither is a constant subexpression, and
• either both are potentially-throwing or else neither is potentially-throwing (i.e. noexcept(e) == noexcept(f)).

Customization point objects

The name ranges::empty denotes a customization point object, which is a const function object of a literal semiregular class type. For exposition purposes, the cv-unqualified version of its type is denoted as __empty_fn.

All instances of __empty_fn are equal. The effects of invoking different instances of type __empty_fn on the same arguments are equivalent, regardless of whether the expression denoting the instance is an lvalue or rvalue, and is const-qualified or not (however, a volatile-qualified instance is not required to be invocable). Thus, ranges::empty can be copied freely and its copies can be used interchangeably.

Given a set of types Args..., if std::declval<Args>()... meet the requirements for arguments to ranges::empty above, __empty_fn models

• std::invocable<__empty_fn, Args...>,
• std::invocable<const __empty_fn, Args...>,
• std::invocable<__empty_fn&, Args...>, and
• std::invocable<const __empty_fn&, Args...>.
  

Otherwise, no function call operator of __empty_fn participates in overload resolution.

Example

Run this code

#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <vector>
 
template <std::ranges::input_range R>
void print(R&& r)
{
    if (std::ranges::empty(r)) {
        std::cout << "\tEmpty\n";
        return;
    }
 
    std::cout << "\tElements:";
    for (const auto& element : r) {
        std::cout << ' ' << element;
    }
 
    std::cout << '\n';
}
 
int main()
{
    {
        auto v = std::vector<int>{1, 2, 3};
        std::cout << "1. calling ranges::empty on std::vector:\n";
        print(v);
 
        v.clear();
        print(v);
    }
    {
        std::cout << "2. calling ranges::empty on std::initializer_list:\n";
        auto il = {7, 8, 9};
        print(il);
 
        print(std::initializer_list<int>{});
    }
    {
        std::cout << "2. calling ranges::empty on a raw array:\n";
        int array[] = {4, 5, 6}; // array has a known bound
        print(array);
    }
    {
        struct NoEmptyNorSize : private std::vector<int> {
            auto begin() { return std::vector<int>::begin(); }
            auto end() { return std::vector<int>::end(); }
        };
 
        std::cout << "3. calling ranges::empty on an object that satisfies only case 3):\n";
        print(NoEmptyNorSize{});
    }
}

Output:

1. calling ranges::empty on std::vector:
	Elements: 1 2 3
	Empty
2. calling ranges::empty on std::initializer_list:
	Elements: 7 8 9
	Empty
2. calling ranges::empty on a raw array:
	Elements: 4 5 6
3. calling ranges::empty on an object that satisfies only case 3):
	Empty

See also

empty (C++17)

checks whether the container is empty (function template)