std::ranges::data

 

C++

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Freestanding and hosted

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Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

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Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

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Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Ranges library

Range access begin cbegin   end cend rbegin crbegin   rend crend size ssize   data cdata empty

Range conversions std::from_range_t std::from_range (C++23)(C++23)     to (C++23)

Dangling iterator handling dangling borrowed_iterator_t borrowed_subrange_t

Range primitives
range_size_trange_difference_trange_value_t elements_of (C++23)	iterator_tconst_iterator_tsentinel_tconst_sentinel_t (C++23)(C++23)	range_reference_trange_const_reference_trange_rvalue_reference_trange_common_reference_t (C++23)

Range concepts
range borrowed_range    sized_range	common_range view viewable_range	input_range output_range forward_range	bidirectional_range    random_access_range contiguous_range	constant_range (C++23)

Views
view_interface	subrange

Range factories
empty_viewviews::empty	single_viewviews::single	basic_istream_viewviews::istream	iota_viewviews::iota	repeat_viewviews::repeat (C++23)(C++23)

Range adaptors
views::all_tviews::all ref_view owning_view as_rvalue_viewviews::as_rvalue (C++23)(C++23)   filter_viewviews::filter transform_viewviews::transform take_viewviews::take take_while_viewviews::take_while concat_viewviews::concat (C++26)(C++26)	drop_viewviews::drop drop_while_viewviews::drop_while join_viewviews::join join_with_viewviews::join_with (C++23)(C++23)   lazy_split_viewviews::lazy_split split_viewviews::split views::counted common_viewviews::common	reverse_viewviews::reverse as_const_viewviews::as_const (C++23)(C++23) elements_viewviews::elements keys_viewviews::keys values_viewviews::values enumerate_viewviews::enumerate (C++23)(C++23) zip_viewviews::zip (C++23)(C++23) zip_transform_viewviews::zip_transform (C++23)(C++23)	adjacent_viewviews::adjacent (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise (C++23) adjacent_transform_viewviews::adjacent_transform (C++23)(C++23) views::pairwise_transform (C++23) chunk_viewviews::chunk (C++23)(C++23) slide_viewviews::slide (C++23)(C++23) chunk_by_viewviews::chunk_by (C++23)(C++23) stride_viewviews::stride (C++23)(C++23) cartesian_product_viewviews::cartesian_product (C++23)(C++23)

Range generators std::generator (C++23)

Range adaptor closure objects range_adaptor_closure (C++23)

Range adaptor objects

Helper items
copyable-box movable-box (until C++23)  (C++23)	simple-view non-propagating-cache

 

Defined in header <ranges>
Defined in header <iterator>
inline namespace /* unspecified */ {     inline constexpr /* unspecified */ data = /* unspecified */; }		(since C++20) (customization point object)
Call signature
template< class T >     requires /* see below */ constexpr std::remove_reference_t<     ranges::range_reference_t<T>>* data( T&& t );		(since C++20)

Returns a pointer to the first element of a contiguous range.

If T is an array type and std::remove_all_extents_t<std::remove_reference_t<T>> is incomplete, then the call to ranges::data is ill-formed, no diagnostic required.

If the argument is an lvalue or ranges::enable_borrowed_range<std::remove_cv_t<T>> is true, a call to ranges::data is expression-equivalent to:

1. decay-copy(t.data())(until C++23)auto(t.data())(since C++23), if that expression is valid and its type is a pointer to an object type.
2. Otherwise, std::to_address(ranges::begin(t)), if the expression ranges::begin(t) is valid and its type models std::contiguous_iterator.

In all other cases, a call to ranges::data is ill-formed, which can result in substitution failure when ranges::data(e) appears in the immediate context of a template instantiation.

Customization point objects

The name ranges::data denotes a customization point object, which is a const function object of a literal semiregular class type. For exposition purposes, the cv-unqualified version of its type is denoted as __data_fn.

All instances of __data_fn are equal. The effects of invoking different instances of type __data_fn on the same arguments are equivalent, regardless of whether the expression denoting the instance is an lvalue or rvalue, and is const-qualified or not (however, a volatile-qualified instance is not required to be invocable). Thus, ranges::data can be copied freely and its copies can be used interchangeably.

Given a set of types Args..., if std::declval<Args>()... meet the requirements for arguments to ranges::data above, __data_fn models

• std::invocable<__data_fn, Args...>,
• std::invocable<const __data_fn, Args...>,
• std::invocable<__data_fn&, Args...>, and
• std::invocable<const __data_fn&, Args...>.
  

Otherwise, no function call operator of __data_fn participates in overload resolution.

Notes

If the argument is an rvalue (i.e. T is an object type) and ranges::enable_borrowed_range<std::remove_cv_t<T>> is false, the call to ranges::data is ill-formed, which also results in substitution failure.

If ranges::data(e) is valid for an expression e, then it returns a pointer to an object.

The C++20 standard requires that if the underlying data function call returns a prvalue, the return value is move-constructed from the materialized temporary object. All implementations directly return the prvalue instead. The requirement is corrected by the post-C++20 proposal P0849R8 to match the implementations.

Example

Run this code

#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <ranges>
#include <string>
 
int main()
{
    std::string s{"Hello world!\n"};
 
    char a[20]; // storage for a C-style string
    std::strcpy(a, std::ranges::data(s));
    // [data(s), data(s) + size(s)] is guaranteed to be an NTBS
 
    std::cout << a;
}

Output:

Hello world!

See also

ranges::cdata (C++20)	obtains a pointer to the beginning of a read-only contiguous range (customization point object)
ranges::begin (C++20)	returns an iterator to the beginning of a range (customization point object)
data (C++17)	obtains the pointer to the underlying array (function template)