Mathematical special functions (since C++17)

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Numerics library

Common mathematical functions
Mathematical special functions (C++17)
Mathematical constants (C++20)
Basic linear algebra algorithms (C++26)
Floating-point environment (C++11)
Complex numbers
Numeric array (valarray)
Pseudo-random number generation
Factor operations
gcd (C++17)	lcm (C++17)
Interpolations
midpoint (C++20)	lerp (C++20)
Saturation arithmetic
add_sat (C++26) sub_sat (C++26) saturate_cast (C++26)	mul_sat (C++26) div_sat (C++26)
Generic numeric operations
iota (C++11) ranges::iota (C++23) accumulate inner_product adjacent_difference partial_sum	reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17) inclusive_scan (C++17) exclusive_scan (C++17) transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
Bit operations
has_single_bit (C++20)     bit_cast (C++20) bit_ceil (C++20) bit_floor (C++20) bit_width (C++20) rotl (C++20) rotr (C++20)	popcount (C++20) countl_zero (C++20) countl_one (C++20) countr_zero (C++20) countr_one (C++20) byteswap (C++23) endian (C++20)

 

Mathematical special functions

assoc_laguerreassoc_laguerrefassoc_laguerrel   assoc_legendreassoc_legendrefassoc_legendrel betabetafbetal comp_ellint_1comp_ellint_1fcomp_ellint_1l comp_ellint_2comp_ellint_2fcomp_ellint_2l comp_ellint_3comp_ellint_3fcomp_ellint_3l cyl_bessel_icyl_bessel_ifcyl_bessel_il

cyl_bessel_jcyl_bessel_jfcyl_bessel_jl   cyl_bessel_kcyl_bessel_kfcyl_bessel_kl cyl_neumanncyl_neumannfcyl_neumannl ellint_1ellint_1fellint_1l ellint_2ellint_2fellint_2l ellint_3ellint_3fellint_3l expintexpintfexpintl

hermitehermitefhermitel laguerrelaguerreflaguerrel legendrelegendreflegendrel riemann_zetariemann_zetafriemann_zetal sph_besselsph_besselfsph_bessell sph_legendresph_legendrefsph_legendrel sph_neumannsph_neumannfsph_neumannl

 

The Mathematical Special Functions library was originally part of Library TR1 ISO/IEC TR 19768:2007, then published as an independent ISO standard, ISO/IEC 29124:2010, and finally merged to ISO C++ as of C++17.

See Mathematical special functions for the ISO/IEC 29124:2010 version of this library.

Functions

Defined in header <cmath>
assoc_laguerreassoc_laguerrefassoc_laguerrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	associated Laguerre polynomials (function)
assoc_legendreassoc_legendrefassoc_legendrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	associated Legendre polynomials (function)
betabetafbetal (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	beta function (function)
comp_ellint_1comp_ellint_1fcomp_ellint_1l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	(complete) elliptic integral of the first kind (function)
comp_ellint_2comp_ellint_2fcomp_ellint_2l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	(complete) elliptic integral of the second kind (function)
comp_ellint_3comp_ellint_3fcomp_ellint_3l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	(complete) elliptic integral of the third kind (function)
cyl_bessel_icyl_bessel_ifcyl_bessel_il (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	regular modified cylindrical Bessel functions (function)
cyl_bessel_jcyl_bessel_jfcyl_bessel_jl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	cylindrical Bessel functions (of the first kind) (function)
cyl_bessel_kcyl_bessel_kfcyl_bessel_kl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	irregular modified cylindrical Bessel functions (function)
cyl_neumanncyl_neumannfcyl_neumannl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	cylindrical Neumann functions (function)
ellint_1ellint_1fellint_1l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	(incomplete) elliptic integral of the first kind (function)
ellint_2ellint_2fellint_2l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	(incomplete) elliptic integral of the second kind (function)
ellint_3ellint_3fellint_3l (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	(incomplete) elliptic integral of the third kind (function)
expintexpintfexpintl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	exponential integral (function)
hermitehermitefhermitel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	Hermite polynomials (function)
legendrelegendreflegendrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	Legendre polynomials (function)
laguerrelaguerreflaguerrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	Laguerre polynomials (function)
riemann_zetariemann_zetafriemann_zetal (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	Riemann zeta function (function)
sph_besselsph_besselfsph_bessell (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	spherical Bessel functions (of the first kind) (function)
sph_legendresph_legendrefsph_legendrel (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	spherical associated Legendre functions (function)
sph_neumannsph_neumannfsph_neumannl (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)	spherical Neumann functions (function)

Notes

The float and long double overloads for math special functions without the "f" or "l" suffix are present in the final draft of ISO/IEC 29124:2010 (N3060), but absent in the published C++17/20 standard (see LWG issue 3234). These overloads were not provided by MSVC STL until VS 2022 17.3.

These functions are unrelated to special member functions of class types.

Feature-test macro	Value	Std	Feature
__cpp_lib_math_special_functions	201603L	(C++17)	Mathematical special functions

Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

DR	Applied to	Behavior as published	Correct behavior
LWG 3234 (P1467R9)	C++17	additional overloads for math special functions were missing	these overloads are required

References

• C++23 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2024):

• 28.7.6 Mathematical special functions [sf.cmath]

• C++20 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2020):

• 26.8.6 Mathematical special functions [sf.cmath]

• C++17 standard (ISO/IEC 14882:2017):

• 29.9.5 Mathematical special functions [sf.cmath]