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Difference between revisions of "cpp/numeric/math/cos"

From cppreference.com
< cpp‎ | numeric‎ | math
m (→‎Example: +my cos)
m ({{math}} -> {{range}})
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===Return value===
 
===Return value===
−
If no errors occur, the cosine of {{c|num}} ({{math|cos(num)}}) in the range {{math|[-1, +1]}}, is returned.
+
If no errors occur, the cosine of {{c|num}} ({{math|cos(num)}}) in the range {{range|-1|+1}}, is returned.
  
 
{{rrev|until=c++11|
 
{{rrev|until=c++11|

Revision as of 23:15, 22 April 2023

 
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Defined in header <cmath>
(1)
float       cos ( float num );

double      cos ( double num );

long double cos ( long double num );
 (until C++23)
/* floating-point-type */ cos( /* floating-point-type */ num );
 (since C++23)
float       cosf( float num );
 (2) (since C++11)
long double cosl( long double num );
 (3) (since C++11)
Additional overloads (since C++11)
Defined in header <cmath>
template< class Integer >
double      cos ( Integer num );
 (A)
1-3) Computes the cosine of num (measured in radians). The library provides overloads of std::cos for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter num.(since C++23)
A) Additional overloads are provided for all integer types, which are treated as double.
 (since C++11)

Contents

Parameters

num - floating-point or integer value representing angle in radians

Return value

If no errors occur, the cosine of num (cos(num)) in the range [-1, +1), is returned.

The result may have little or no significance if the magnitude of num is large.

(until C++11)

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned (NaN where supported).

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

  • if the argument is ±0, the result is 1.0
  • if the argument is ±∞, NaN is returned and FE_INVALID is raised
  • if the argument is NaN, NaN is returned

Notes

The case where the argument is infinite is not specified to be a domain error in C, but it is defined as a domain error in POSIX.

The additional overloads are not required to be provided exactly as (A). They only need to be sufficient to ensure that for their argument num of integer type, std::cos(num) has the same effect as std::cos(static_cast<double>(num)).

Example

Run this code
#include <cerrno>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <numbers>
 
// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
constexpr double pi = std::numbers::pi; // or std::acos(-1) before C++20
 
constexpr double your_cos(double x)
{
    double cos {1}, pow {x};
    for (auto fac {1ull}, n {1ull}; n != 19; fac *= ++n, pow *= x)
        if ((n & 1) == 0)
            cos += (n & 2 ? -pow : pow) / fac;
    return cos;
}
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::setprecision(10) << std::showpos
              << "Typical usage:\n"
              << "std::cos(pi/3) = " << std::cos(pi / 3) << '\n'
              << "your cos(pi/3) = " << your_cos(pi / 3) << '\n'
              << "std::cos(pi/2) = " << std::cos(pi / 2) << '\n'
              << "your cos(pi/2) = " << your_cos(pi / 2) << '\n'
              << "std::cos(-3*pi/4) = " << std::cos(-3 * pi / 4) << '\n'
              << "your cos(-3*pi/4) = " << your_cos(-3 * pi / 4) << '\n'
              << "Special values:\n"
              << "std::cos(+0) = " << std::cos(0.0) << '\n'
              << "std::cos(-0) = " << std::cos(-0.0) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
 
    std::cout << "cos(INFINITY) = " << std::cos(INFINITY) << '\n';
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
        std::cout << "    FE_INVALID raised\n";
}

Possible output: 

Typical usage:
std::cos(pi/3) = +0.5
your cos(pi/3) = +0.5
std::cos(pi/2) = +6.123233996e-17
your cos(pi/2) = -3.373452105e-15
std::cos(-3*pi/4) = -0.7071067812
your cos(-3*pi/4) = -0.7071067812
Special values:
std::cos(+0) = +1
std::cos(-0) = +1
cos(INFINITY) = -nan
    FE_INVALID raised

See also

(C++11)(C++11)
 computes sine (sin(x))
(function) [edit]
(C++11)(C++11)
 computes tangent (tan(x))
(function) [edit]
(C++11)(C++11)
 computes arc cosine (arccos(x))
(function) [edit]
computes cosine of a complex number (cos(z))
(function template) [edit]
applies the function std::cos to each element of valarray
(function template) [edit]
C documentation for cos
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