std::sin, std::sinf, std::sinl

 

C++

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Freestanding and hosted

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Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

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Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

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Numerics library

Common mathematical functions
Mathematical special functions (C++17)
Mathematical constants (C++20)
Basic linear algebra algorithms (C++26)
Floating-point environment (C++11)
Complex numbers
Numeric array (valarray)
Pseudo-random number generation
Factor operations
gcd (C++17)	lcm (C++17)
Interpolations
midpoint (C++20)	lerp (C++20)
Saturation arithmetic
add_sat (C++26) sub_sat (C++26) saturate_cast (C++26)	mul_sat (C++26) div_sat (C++26)
Generic numeric operations
iota (C++11) ranges::iota (C++23) accumulate inner_product adjacent_difference partial_sum	reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17) inclusive_scan (C++17) exclusive_scan (C++17) transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
Bit operations
has_single_bit (C++20)     bit_cast (C++20) bit_ceil (C++20) bit_floor (C++20) bit_width (C++20) rotl (C++20) rotr (C++20)	popcount (C++20) countl_zero (C++20) countl_one (C++20) countr_zero (C++20) countr_one (C++20) byteswap (C++23) endian (C++20)

 

Common mathematical functions

Functions
Basic operations
abs(int)labsllabsimaxabs (C++11)   abs(float)fabs divldivlldivimaxdiv (C++11)	fmod remainder (C++11)   remquo (C++11) fma (C++11) fmax (C++11) fmin (C++11) fdim (C++11) nannanfnanl (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Exponential functions
exp exp2 (C++11) expm1 (C++11)	log log10 log1p (C++11) log2 (C++11)
Power functions
sqrt cbrt (C++11)	hypot (C++11) pow
Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions
sin cos tan asin acos atan atan2	sinh cosh tanh asinh (C++11) acosh (C++11) atanh (C++11)
Error and gamma functions
erf (C++11) erfc (C++11)	lgamma (C++11) tgamma (C++11)

Nearest integer floating point operations
ceil floor roundlroundllround (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)	trunc (C++11) nearbyint (C++11) rintlrintllrint (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)
Floating point manipulation functions
ldexp scalbnscalbln (C++11)(C++11) ilogb (C++11) logb (C++11)	frexp modf nextafternexttoward (C++11)(C++11) copysign (C++11)
Classification and comparison
fpclassify (C++11) isfinite (C++11) isinf (C++11) isnan (C++11) isnormal (C++11) signbit (C++11)	isgreater (C++11) isgreaterequal (C++11) isless (C++11) islessequal (C++11) islessgreater (C++11) isunordered (C++11)
Types
div_t ldiv_t lldiv_t (C++11)	imaxdiv_t (C++11) float_t (C++11) double_t (C++11)
Macro constants
HUGE_VALFHUGE_VALHUGE_VALL (C++11)(C++11) math_errhandlingMATH_ERRNOMATH_ERREXCEPT (C++11)   INFINITY (C++11) NAN (C++11)	Classification FP_NORMALFP_SUBNORMALFP_ZEROFP_INFINITEFP_NAN (C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)(C++11)

 

Defined in header <cmath>
	(1)
float       sin ( float num ); double      sin ( double num ); long double sin ( long double num );			(until C++23)
/* floating-point-type */             sin ( /* floating-point-type */ num );			(since C++23) (constexpr since C++26)
float       sinf( float num );		(2)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++26)
long double sinl( long double num );		(3)	(since C++11) (constexpr since C++26)
Additional overloads (since C++11)
Defined in header <cmath>
template< class Integer > double      sin ( Integer num );		(A)	(constexpr since C++26)

1-3) Computes the sine of num (measured in radians). The library provides overloads of std::sin for all cv-unqualified floating-point types as the type of the parameter.(since C++23)

A) Additional overloads are provided for all integer types, which are treated as double.

(since C++11)

Parameters

num

-

floating-point or integer value representing angle in radians

Return value

If no errors occur, the sine of num (sin(num)) in the range [-1, +1], is returned.

The result may have little or no significance if the magnitude of num is large.

(until C++11)

If a domain error occurs, an implementation-defined value is returned (NaN where supported).

If a range error occurs due to underflow, the correct result (after rounding) is returned.

Error handling

Errors are reported as specified in math_errhandling.

If the implementation supports IEEE floating-point arithmetic (IEC 60559),

• if the argument is ±0, it is returned unmodified.
• if the argument is ±∞, NaN is returned and FE_INVALID is raised.
• if the argument is NaN, NaN is returned.

Notes

The case where the argument is infinite is not specified to be a domain error in C (to which C++ defers), but it is defined as a domain error in POSIX.

POSIX also specifies that in case of underflow, num is returned unmodified, and if that is not supported, an implementation-defined value no greater than DBL_MIN, FLT_MIN, and LDBL_MIN is returned.

The additional overloads are not required to be provided exactly as (A). They only need to be sufficient to ensure that for their argument num of integer type, std::sin(num) has the same effect as std::sin(static_cast<double>(num)).

Example

Run this code

#include <cerrno>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cmath>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
 
// #pragma STDC FENV_ACCESS ON
 
const double pi = std::acos(-1); // or std::numbers::pi since C++20
 
constexpr double your_sin(double x)
{
    double sin{0}, pow{x};
    for (auto fac{1LLU}, n{1ULL}; n != 20; fac *= ++n, pow *= x)
        if (n & 1)
            sin += (n & 2 ? -pow : pow) / fac;
    return sin;
}
 
int main()
{
    std::cout << std::setprecision(10) << std::showpos
              << "Typical usage:\n"
              << "std::sin(pi/6) = " << std::sin(pi / 6) << '\n'
              << "your sin(pi/6) = " << your_sin(pi / 6) << '\n'
              << "std::sin(pi/2) = " << std::sin(pi / 2) << '\n'
              << "your sin(pi/2) = " << your_sin(pi / 2) << '\n'
              << "std::sin(-3*pi/4) = " << std::sin(-3 * pi / 4) << '\n'
              << "your sin(-3*pi/4) = " << your_sin(-3 * pi / 4) << '\n'
              << "Special values:\n"
              << "std::sin(+0) = " << std::sin(0.0) << '\n'
              << "std::sin(-0) = " << std::sin(-0.0) << '\n';
 
    // error handling
    std::feclearexcept(FE_ALL_EXCEPT);
 
    std::cout << "std::sin(INFINITY) = " << std::sin(INFINITY) << '\n';
    if (std::fetestexcept(FE_INVALID))
        std::cout << "    FE_INVALID raised\n";
}

Possible output:

Typical usage:
std::sin(pi/6) = +0.5
your sin(pi/6) = +0.5
std::sin(pi/2) = +1
your sin(pi/2) = +1
std::sin(-3*pi/4) = -0.7071067812
your sin(-3*pi/4) = -0.7071067812
Special values:
std::sin(+0) = +0
std::sin(-0) = -0
std::sin(INFINITY) = -nan
    FE_INVALID raised

See also

coscosfcosl (C++11)(C++11)	computes cosine (\({\small\cos{x}}\)cos(x)) (function)
tantanftanl (C++11)(C++11)	computes tangent (\({\small\tan{x}}\)tan(x)) (function)
asinasinfasinl (C++11)(C++11)	computes arc sine (\({\small\arcsin{x}}\)arcsin(x)) (function)
sin(std::complex)	computes sine of a complex number (\({\small\sin{z}}\)sin(z)) (function template)
sin(std::valarray)	applies the function std::sin to each element of valarray (function template)
C documentation for sin