std::ranges::transform, std::ranges::unary_transform_result, std::ranges::binary_transform_result

 

C++

Compiler support

Freestanding and hosted

Language

Standard library

Standard library headers

Named requirements

Feature test macros (C++20)

Language support library

Concepts library (C++20)

Metaprogramming library (C++11)

Diagnostics library

General utilities library

Strings library

Containers library

Iterators library

Ranges library (C++20)

Algorithms library

Numerics library

Localizations library

Input/output library

Filesystem library (C++17)

Regular expressions library (C++11)

Concurrency support library (C++11)

Execution support library (C++26)

Technical specifications

Symbols index

External libraries

 

Algorithm library

Constrained algorithms and algorithms on ranges (C++20)
Constrained algorithms, e.g. ranges::copy, ranges::sort, ...
Execution policies (C++17)
is_execution_policy (C++17)   execution::seqexecution::parexecution::par_unseqexecution::unseq (C++17)    (C++17)(C++17)(C++20)	execution::sequenced_policyexecution::parallel_policyexecution::parallel_unsequenced_policyexecution::parallel_unsequenced (C++17)(C++17)(C++17)(C++20)
Non-modifying sequence operations Batch operations for_each for_each_n (C++17) Search operations all_ofany_ofnone_of (C++11)                (C++11)(C++11) countcount_if mismatch equal findfind_iffind_if_not (C++11) find_end find_first_of adjacent_find search search_n Modifying sequence operations Copy operations copycopy_if (C++11) copy_backward copy_n (C++11) move (C++11) move_backward (C++11) Swap operations swap iter_swap swap_ranges Transformation operations replacereplace_if transform replace_copyreplace_copy_if Generation operations fill fill_n generate generate_n Removing operations removeremove_if unique remove_copyremove_copy_if unique_copy Order-changing operations reverse reverse_copy rotate rotate_copy random_shuffleshuffle (until C++17)(C++11) shift_leftshift_right (C++20)(C++20) Sampling operations sample (C++17)	Sorting and related operations Partitioning operations partition partition_copy (C++11)   stable_partition is_partitioned (C++11) partition_point (C++11) Sorting operations sort stable_sort partial_sort partial_sort_copy is_sorted (C++11) is_sorted_until (C++11) nth_element Binary search operations (on partitioned ranges) lower_bound upper_bound equal_range binary_search Set operations (on sorted ranges) includes set_union set_intersection set_difference set_symmetric_difference Merge operations (on sorted ranges) merge inplace_merge Heap operations push_heap pop_heap make_heap sort_heap is_heap (C++11) is_heap_until (C++11) Minimum/maximum operations max min minmax (C++11) clamp (C++17) max_element min_element minmax_element (C++11) Lexicographical comparison operations lexicographical_compare lexicographical_compare_three_way (C++20) Permutation operations next_permutation prev_permutation is_permutation (C++11) C library qsort bsearch
Numeric operations
iota (C++11) inner_product adjacent_difference    accumulate reduce (C++17) transform_reduce (C++17)	partial_sum inclusive_scan (C++17)    exclusive_scan (C++17) transform_inclusive_scan (C++17) transform_exclusive_scan (C++17)
Operations on uninitialized memory
uninitialized_copy uninitialized_move (C++17)    uninitialized_fill uninitialized_copy_n (C++11) uninitialized_move_n (C++17) uninitialized_fill_n	destroy (C++17) destroy_n (C++17) destroy_at (C++17) construct_at (C++20)       uninitialized_default_construct (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct (C++17) uninitialized_default_construct_n (C++17) uninitialized_value_construct_n (C++17)

 

Constrained algorithms

All names in this menu belong to namespace std::ranges

Non-modifying sequence operations

all_ofany_ofnone_of for_each for_each_n    countcount_if adjacent_find mismatch equal lexicographical_compare    containscontains_subrange (C++23)(C++23) findfind_iffind_if_not find_lastfind_last_iffind_last_if_not (C++23)(C++23)(C++23)   find_end find_first_of search search_n starts_with (C++23) ends_with (C++23)

Modifying sequence operations

copycopy_if copy_n copy_backward    move move_backward shift_leftshift_right (C++23)(C++23)   fill fill_n generate generate_n    transform swap_ranges    shuffle sample removeremove_if replacereplace_if reverse rotate remove_copyremove_copy_if    unique replace_copyreplace_copy_if reverse_copy rotate_copy unique_copy

Partitioning operations

is_partitioned    partition_point    partition    partition_copy    stable_partition

Sorting operations

is_sorted is_sorted_until     sort stable_sort         partial_sort       nth_element partial_sort_copy

Binary search operations (on sorted ranges)

lower_bound         upper_bound         binary_search      equal_range

Set operations (on sorted ranges)

merge inplace_merge       set_difference set_intersection    set_union          includes set_symmetric_difference

Heap operations

is_heap is_heap_until       make_heap           sort_heap push_heap pop_heap

Minimum/maximum operations

max max_element         min min_element         minmax minmax_element     clamp

Permutation operations

is_permutation      next_permutation    prev_permutation

Fold operations

fold_left (C++23) fold_left_first (C++23)   fold_right (C++23) fold_right_last (C++23)   fold_left_with_iter (C++23) fold_left_first_with_iter (C++23)

Numeric operations iota (C++23)             Random number generation generate_random (C++26)

Operations on uninitialized storage

construct_at    destroy destroy_n destroy_at uninitialized_copy    uninitialized_move uninitialized_fill uninitialized_copy_n    uninitialized_move_n uninitialized_fill_n uninitialized_default_construct uninitialized_default_construct_n uninitialized_value_construct uninitialized_value_construct_n

Return types

in_fun_result in_in_result in_found_result    in_out_result in_in_out_result    in_out_out_result    min_max_result out_value_result (C++23) in_value_result (C++23)

 

Defined in header <algorithm>
Call signature
template< std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, std::weakly_incrementable O,           std::copy_constructible F, class Proj = std::identity > requires std::indirectly_writable<O,                                   std::indirect_result_t<F&, std::projected<I, Proj>>> constexpr unary_transform_result<I, O>     transform( I first1, S last1, O result, F op, Proj proj = {} );	(1)	(since C++20)
template< ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O,           std::copy_constructible F, class Proj = std::identity > requires std::indirectly_writable<O,              std::indirect_result_t<F&, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>>> constexpr unary_transform_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O>     transform( R&& r, O result, F op, Proj proj = {} );	(2)	(since C++20)
template< std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1,           std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2,           std::weakly_incrementable O,           std::copy_constructible F,           class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity > requires std::indirectly_writable<O,              std::indirect_result_t<F&,                                     std::projected<I1, Proj1>,                                     std::projected<I2, Proj2>>> constexpr binary_transform_result<I1, I2, O>     transform( I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result,                F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );	(3)	(since C++20)
template< ranges::input_range R1,           ranges::input_range R2,           std::weakly_incrementable O,           std::copy_constructible F,           class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity > requires std::indirectly_writable<O,              std::indirect_result_t<F&,                  std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>,                  std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>>> constexpr binary_transform_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>,                                   ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O>     transform( R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result, F binary_op,                Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {} );	(4)	(since C++20)
Helper types
template< class I, class O > using unary_transform_result = ranges::in_out_result<I, O>;	(5)	(since C++20)
template< class I1, class I2, class O > using binary_transform_result = ranges::in_in_out_result<I1, I2, O>;	(6)	(since C++20)

Applies the given function to a range and stores the result in another range, beginning at result.

1) The unary operation op is applied to the range defined by [first1, last1) (after projecting with the projection proj).

2) Same as (1), but uses r as the source range, as if using ranges::begin(r) as first and ranges::end(r) as last.

3) The binary operation binary_op is applied to pairs of elements from two ranges: one defined by [first1, last1) and the other defined by [first2, last2) (after respectively projecting with the projections proj1 and proj2).

4) Same as (3), but uses r1 as the first source range, as if using ranges::begin(r1) as first1 and ranges::end(r1) as last1, and similarly for r2.

The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids, that is:

• Explicit template argument lists cannot be specified when calling any of them.
• None of them are visible to argument-dependent lookup.
• When any of them are found by normal unqualified lookup as the name to the left of the function-call operator, argument-dependent lookup is inhibited.

In practice, they may be implemented as function objects, or with special compiler extensions.

Parameters

first1, last1	-	the first range of elements to transform
r, r1	-	the first range of elements to transform
first2, last2	-	the second range of elements to transform
r2	-	the second range of elements to transform
result	-	the beginning of the destination range, may be equal to first1 or first2
op, binary_op	-	operation to apply to the projected element(s)
proj1	-	projection to apply to the elements in the first range
proj2	-	projection to apply to the elements in the second range

Return value

1,2) A unary_transform_result contains an input iterator equal to last and an output iterator to the element past the last element transformed.

3,4) A binary_transform_result contains input iterators to last transformed elements from ranges [first1, last1) and [first2, last2) as in1 and in2 respectively, and the output iterator to the element past the last element transformed as out.

Complexity

1,2) Exactly ranges::distance(first1, last1) applications of op and proj.

3,4) Exactly ranges::min(ranges::distance(first1, last1), ranges::distance(first2, last2)) applications of binary_op and projections.

Possible implementation

struct transform_fn { // First version template<std::input_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S, std::weakly_incrementable O, std::copy_constructible F, class Proj = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_writable<O, std::indirect_result_t<F&, std::projected<I, Proj>>> constexpr ranges::unary_transform_result<I, O> operator()(I first1, S last1, O result, F op, Proj proj = {}) const { for (; first1 != last1; ++first1, (void)++result) *result = std::invoke(op, std::invoke(proj, *first1));   return {std::move(first1), std::move(result)}; }   // Second version template<ranges::input_range R, std::weakly_incrementable O, std::copy_constructible F, class Proj = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_writable<O, std::indirect_result_t<F&, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Proj>>> constexpr ranges::unary_transform_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>, O> operator()(R&& r, O result, F op, Proj proj = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(result), std::move(op), std::move(proj)); }   // Third version template<std::input_iterator I1, std::sentinel_for<I1> S1, std::input_iterator I2, std::sentinel_for<I2> S2, std::weakly_incrementable O, std::copy_constructible F, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_writable<O, std::indirect_result_t<F&, std::projected<I1, Proj1>, std::projected<I2, Proj2>>> constexpr ranges::binary_transform_result<I1, I2, O> operator()(I1 first1, S1 last1, I2 first2, S2 last2, O result, F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { for (; first1 != last1 && first2 != last2; ++first1, (void)++first2, (void)++result) *result = std::invoke(binary_op, std::invoke(proj1, *first1), std::invoke(proj2, *first2));   return {std::move(first1), std::move(first2), std::move(result)}; }   // Fourth version template<ranges::input_range R1, ranges::input_range R2, std::weakly_incrementable O, std::copy_constructible F, class Proj1 = std::identity, class Proj2 = std::identity> requires std::indirectly_writable<O, std::indirect_result_t<F&, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R1>, Proj1>, std::projected<ranges::iterator_t<R2>, Proj2>>> constexpr ranges::binary_transform_result<ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R1>, ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R2>, O> operator()(R1&& r1, R2&& r2, O result, F binary_op, Proj1 proj1 = {}, Proj2 proj2 = {}) const { return (*this)(ranges::begin(r1), ranges::end(r1), ranges::begin(r2), ranges::end(r2), std::move(result), std::move(binary_op), std::move(proj1), std::move(proj2)); } };   inline constexpr transform_fn transform;

Notes

ranges::transform does not guarantee in-order application of op or binary_op. To apply a function to a sequence in-order or to apply a function that modifies the elements of a sequence, use ranges::for_each.

Example

The following code uses ranges::transform to convert a string in place to uppercase using the std::toupper function and then transforms each char to its ordinal value. Then ranges::transform with a projection is used to transform elements of std::vector<Foo> into chars to fill a std::string.

Run this code

#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
 
int main()
{
    std::string s{"hello"};
    auto op = [](unsigned char c) -> unsigned char { return std::toupper(c); };
 
    namespace ranges = std::ranges;
 
    // uppercase the string in-place
    ranges::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), op );
 
    std::vector<std::size_t> ordinals;
    // convert each char to size_t
    ranges::transform(s, std::back_inserter(ordinals),
                      [](unsigned char c) -> std::size_t { return c; });
 
    std::cout << s << ':';
    for (auto ord : ordinals)
        std::cout << ' ' << ord;
 
    // double each ordinal
    ranges::transform(ordinals, ordinals, ordinals.begin(), std::plus {});
 
    std::cout << '\n';
    for (auto ord : ordinals)
        std::cout << ord << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
 
    struct Foo
    {
        char bar;
    };
    const std::vector<Foo> f = {{'h'},{'e'},{'l'},{'l'},{'o'}};
    std::string result;
    // project, then uppercase
    ranges::transform(f, std::back_inserter(result), op, &Foo::bar);
    std::cout << result << '\n';
}

Output:

HELLO: 72 69 76 76 79
144 138 152 152 158
HELLO

See also

ranges::for_each (C++20)	applies a function to a range of elements (niebloid)
ranges::transform_viewviews::transform (C++20)	a view of a sequence that applies a transformation function to each element (class template) (range adaptor object)
transform	applies a function to a range of elements, storing results in a destination range (function template)